HOW TO TALK ABOUT VARIOUS PRACTIONERS学习笔记

1.希腊词psyche，意思spirit，soul or mind，加上logos，意思science or study，就是psychologist，意思one who studies the mind。
专业是psychology，adj：psychological。

psyche本身也是英语单词，指mental life，the spiritual or non-physical aspect of one’s existence。
adj：psychic，意思phenomena or qualities that cannot be explained in purely physical terms。拥有第六感的人会被叫psychic，一个人的烦恼是情感或精神上的，psychic disturbance。

psyche，加上希腊词pathos，意思suffering or disease，就是psychopathic，adj，描述一个人suffering from a severe mental or emotional disorder。noun：psychopathy。psychopathy is usually characterized by antisocial extremely egocentric behavior。
A psychopath，sometimes called a psychopathic personality，appears to be lacking a inner moral censor ，and often commits criminal acts，without anxiety or guilt，in order to obtain immediate gratification of desires。

词根psyche，加上希腊词soma，意思body，就是psychosomatic，adj，the powerful influence that the mind，especially the unconscious， has on bodily diseases。There is no organic cause within the body。

psychoanalysis relies on the technique of deeply，exhaustively probing into the unconscious，a technique developed by Sigmung Freud。
专家psychoanalyst。adj：psychoanalytic。

psychogenic，of psychic origin，or psychosomatic，the terms are used more or less interchangeably although they differ somewhat in definition。

记住这段话：
In any case，psychotherapy of one sort or another（i.e.，Freudian therapy，Gestalt，bioenergetics，transaction analysis） is the indicated treatment for psychogenic （or psychosomatic）disorders，or for any personality disturbances。The practitioner is a psychotherapist or therapist，for short；adj：psychotherapeutic。

2.跟牙齿有关
orthodontist，orthos，straight，correct，加上odontos，tooth。
pedodontist，specializes in the care of children’s teeth，paidos，child，加上odontos。专业是pedodontia（注意也有pedodontics），adj：pedodontic。
periodntist，gum specialist。前缀peri-，around，surrounding，加上odontos。（牙龈差不多包围着牙齿）
专业：periodontia（注意也有periodontics），adj： periodontic。
endodontist，specializes in work on the pulp of the tooth and in root canal therapy。endo-来源于希腊词endon，意思inner，within。专业：endodontia（注意也有endodontics），adj： endodontic。
前缀ex-，out，加上odontos，就是exodontist，specializes in the extraction of teeth。专业：exodontia（注意也有exodontics），adj： exodontic。
3.关于测量
optometrist，measure vision。opsis/optikos，view，vision，加上metron，measurement。

thermometer，an instrument to measure heat。希腊词therme，意思heat，加上metron。

barometer，an instrument to measure atmospheric pressure。希腊词baros，意思weight，加上metron。
sphygmomanometer，a device for measuring blood pressure。希腊词sphygmos，意思pulse，加上metron。

metric system。米制。

4.希腊词osteon，意思bone，加上pathos，意思suffering，disease，就是osteopath，专业是osteopathy，originally based on the theory that disease is caused by pressure of the bones on blood vessels and nerves。一个osteopathic physician不是bone specialist，orthopedist才是。

5.希腊词pous，podos，意思foot，加上iatreia，medical healing，就是podiatrist，专业podiatry。adj：podiatric。
具有词根pous，podos的词：
octopus，the eight-armed sea creature。（希腊词okto，eight）；
platypus，希腊词platys，意思broad，flat，所以词源学上就是a flatfoot，这是鸭嘴兽；
podium，后缀-ium经常指“place where”，意思是a speaker’s paltform，类似的还有，gymnasium，stadium，auditorium；
tripod，三脚架，tri-，three的意思；
chiropodist，podiatrist的旧称，专业是chiropody，希腊词cheir，意思hand，加上podos。在省力机器发明之前，劳工唯有用手、脚直接做工，就会长上老茧。
chiropractor通过手来治疗病人，专业是chiropractic。
6.希腊词graphein，意思to write，加logos，science，study，就是graphologist，analyzes handwriting，专业是graphology，adj：graphological。
希腊词cheir（chiro-），hand，加上graphein，chirographer，an expert in writing by hand，adj：chirographic。chirography，a lost art。
calligraphy，penmanship as an artistic expression，希腊词kallos，意思beauty，加上graphein，to write，所以意思是beautiful writing。A calligrapher is called upon to design and write announcements，place cards，etc。adj：calligraphic。kallos，加上pyge，buttocks，就是callipygian，an adjective describing a shapely or attractive rear end。
希腊词kakos，意思bad，harsh，加上graphein，就是cacography，bad，scrawly，or illegible handwriting。cacographer， one who uses bad or illegible handwriting。adj：cacographic。
含有graphein的词，
cardiograph，“heart writer”；
photograph，“written by light ”，希腊词photos，light；
phonograph，“sound writer”，希腊词phone，sound；
telegraph，“distance writer”，tele-，distance；
biography，“life writing”，希腊词bios，life。
chiromancy，后缀-mancy，意思foretelling，prediction。通过手预知未来，手相术。从事相关事业的人是chiromancer，adj：chiromantic。
7.希腊词geras，意思old age，加上iatreia，medical healing，就是geriatrician，who specializes in the medical care of the elderly。geras的一个派生形式geron，意思old man，有gerontologist，专业gerontology，adj：gerontological。
拉丁词senex，意思old，含有的词，
senile，showing signs of the physical and/or mental deterioration that generally marks very old age。noun：senility。
senescent，aging，growing old。noun：senescence。含有同样后缀-escent（growing，becoming）的词，adolescent，growing into an adult。convalescent，growing healthy again。obsolescent，growing or becoming obsolete。
senior，older，noun：seniority。
senate，originally a council of older，and presumably wiser，citizens。