Android开发中,当需要创建在后台运行的程序的时候,就要使用到Service。Service
可以分为有无限生命和有限生命两种。特别需要注意的是Service跟Activities是不同的(简单来说可以理解为后台与前台的区别),例如,如果需要使用Service的话,需要调用startService(),从而利用startService()去调用Service中的OnCreate()和onStart()方法来启动一个后台的Service。
启动一个Service的过程如下:context.startService() ->onCreate()-
>onStart()->Service
running其中onCreate()可以进行一些服务的初始化工作,onStart()则启动服务。
停止一个Service的过程如下:context.stopService() |
->onDestroy() ->Service
stop
接下来的实例是一个利用后台服务播放音乐的小例子,点击start运行服务,点击stop停止服务。
ServicesDemo.java(是一个Activity)
package com.android.myservice;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class ServiceDemo extends Activity implements
OnClickListener {
private static final String
TAG = "ServiceDemo";
Button buttonStart,
buttonStop;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
buttonStart =
(Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStart);
buttonStop =
(Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonStop);
buttonStart.setOnClickListener(this);
buttonStop.setOnClickListener(this);
}
public void onClick(View src)
{
switch
(src.getId()) {
case
R.id.buttonStart:
Log.i(TAG,
"onClick: starting service");
startService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
break;
case
R.id.buttonStop:
Log.i(TAG,
"onClick: stopping service");
stopService(new Intent(this, MyService.class));
break;
}
}
}
除此之外还要在Manifest里面声明服务:(AndroidManifest.xml)
<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.android.myservice">
<application
android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity
android:name=".ServiceDemo"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<service
android:enabled="true"
android:name=".MyService"/>
</application>
</manifest>
定义Service(MyService.java)
package com.android.myservice;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyService extends Service {
private static final String
TAG = "MyService";
MediaPlayer player;
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent
intent) {
return
null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate()
{
Toast.makeText(this,
"My Service created", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.i(TAG,
"onCreate");
player =
MediaPlayer.create(this, R.raw.braincandy);
player.setLooping(false);
}
@Override
public void onDestroy()
{
Toast.makeText(this,
"My Service Stoped", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.i(TAG,
"onDestroy");
player.stop();
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent
intent, int startid) {
Toast.makeText(this,
"My Service Start", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
Log.i(TAG,
"onStart");
player.start();
}
}
layout文件夹中是main.xml
<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:gravity="center">
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/services_demo" android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:padding="20dp"/>
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/buttonStart"
android:text="@string/start"></Button>
<Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/stop"
android:id="@+id/buttonStop"></Button>
</LinearLayout>
values 文件夹中是strings.xml
<?xml version="1.0"
encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<string
name="start">Start</string>
<string
name="stop">Stop</string>
<string
name="services_demo">Service
Demo</string>
</resources>