（连载）一个关于ORACLE数据库的虚拟工程（八）--安装创建database

关注

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-11-01 10:33:58 发布 391 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Oracle 12c RAC--安装oracle 1、以oracle 用户登录图形终端，进入oracle rdbms安装软件目录，执行runInstaller。取消“I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support”，点击Next 2、选择“install database software only”，点击Next 3、选择“Oracle Real Application Clusters database installation”，点击Next 4、点击Select a 阅读详情

安装数据库软件

在虚拟机rac1上，打开终端，输入以下命令，进入图形安装界面；

[root@rac1 ~]# export DISPLAY=:0.0
[root@rac1 ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd /tmp/database
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ls
install      response  runInstaller  stage
readme.html  rpm       sshsetup      welcome.html
[oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 27271 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 3931 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2019-08-13_12-58-53PM. Please wait ...[oracle@rac1 database]$

取消邮件支持；

点yes；

跳过软件升级；

只安装数据库软件；

默认会把rac1和rac2都选上，选择Oracle Real Application Clusters database installation，下一步；

增加简体中文，下一步；

默认；

还是默认；

选择oinstall，下一步；

开始检查配置环境；

这几个问题都可以忽略；

确认忽略；

开始安装 install；

弹出执行脚本，在rac1和rac2上以root用户执行，然回到图形界面点击OK；

[root@rac1 /]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: //此处敲回车
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@rac2 /]#  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g 

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:  //此处敲回车
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

数据库软件已经安装完成，如下图。

测试安装结果

[root@rac1 /]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Aug 13 13:36:22 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> 

[root@rac2 /]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Aug 13 13:36:57 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

asmca创建ASM磁盘组

在虚拟机rac1上，su - grid切换到grid用户，然后输入asmca命令，进入创建界面，创建FRA 和 DATA 磁盘组，

点击Create；

填写名称为FRA，选择External（None），勾选/dev/asm_diskk作为fra磁盘组，点击OK；

OK；

可以看到增加了FRA磁盘组，再点击Create；

填写名称为DATA，选择External（None），勾选/dev/asm_diskn作为data磁盘组，点击OK；

可看到3个磁盘组都是mounted状态；

在rac2上，你可以使用下面命令查看磁盘组状态。

[root@rac2 grid]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus sys as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Aug 13 14:29:16 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password: 

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> col name for a20
SQL> col path for a30
SQL> select name,path from v$asm_disk;

NAME                 PATH
-------------------- ------------------------------
OCR_0002             /dev/asm-diskh
DATA_0000            /dev/asm-diskn
OCR_0001             /dev/asm-diske
FRA_0000             /dev/asm-diskk
OCR_0000             /dev/asm-diskb

SQL> show parameter name

NAME                                 TYPE
------------------------------------ ----------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
db_unique_name                       string
+ASM
instance_name                        string
+ASM2
lock_name_space                      string

service_names                        string
+ASM
SQL>  desc v$asm_diskgroup;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 GROUP_NUMBER                                       NUMBER
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(30)
 SECTOR_SIZE                                        NUMBER
 BLOCK_SIZE                                         NUMBER
 ALLOCATION_UNIT_SIZE                               NUMBER
 STATE                                              VARCHAR2(11)
 TYPE                                               VARCHAR2(6)
 TOTAL_MB                                           NUMBER
 FREE_MB                                            NUMBER
 HOT_USED_MB                                        NUMBER
 COLD_USED_MB                                       NUMBER
 REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB                            NUMBER
 USABLE_FILE_MB                                     NUMBER
 OFFLINE_DISKS                                      NUMBER
 COMPATIBILITY                                      VARCHAR2(60)
 DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY                             VARCHAR2(60)
 VOTING_FILES                                       VARCHAR2(1)

SQL>  select name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                 STATE                    TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
-------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
OCR                  MOUNTED                      6144       5218
FRA                  MOUNTED                     20480      20385
DATA                 MOUNTED                     20480      20385

创建一个数据库

在虚拟机rac1 上， su - oracle切换到oracle用户，用命令 dbca 进入图形界面，创建 orcl 数据库。默认下一步；

默认；

还是默认；

写好你的全局数据库名称，点击Select All，把rac1和rac2都选上，下一步；

去掉Configure Enterprise Manager前面的勾，下一步；

设置sys和system密码，提示密码复杂度没达到推荐的复杂度，Yes，下一步；

选择文件的安装区域，点击Browse；

选择DATA，点击OK，下一步；

选择快速闪回区的区域空间，点击Browse；

选择FRA，点击OK，下一步；

默认，下一步；

设置 SGA，默认占内存的 40%，默认，下一步；

点击Sizing，设置连接数，我们默认；

点击Character Sets，设置字符集，我们本次选择UTF-8，这个选择以后不能更改，请根据你的数据库使用进行选择，然后下一步；

默认，下一步；

点击Finsih，开始安装；

点击OK；

开始漫长的安装；

弹出这个对话框，点击Password Management；

把scott用户的勾去掉，我们可以用来测试，安装结束；

查看安装结果；

[root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.FRA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.OCR.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.asm
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Started             
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Started             
ora.gsd
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac1                                         
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      rac2                                         
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
               ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.oc4j
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.orcl.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open                
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Open  //可以看到orcl是open的              
ora.rac1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         
ora.rac2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                                         
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                                         


[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle    54022      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl1
oracle    54024      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl1
oracle    54031      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:03 ora_vktm_orcl1
oracle    54035      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl1
oracle    54037      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl1
oracle    54039      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl1
oracle    54041      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_ping_orcl1
oracle    54043      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_acms_orcl1
oracle    54045      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl1
oracle    54047      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_lmon_orcl1
oracle    54049      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_lmd0_orcl1
oracle    54051      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:01 ora_lms0_orcl1
oracle    54055      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_rms0_orcl1
oracle    54057      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_lmhb_orcl1
oracle    54059      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl1
oracle    54061      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl1
oracle    54063      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl1
oracle    54065      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl1
oracle    54067      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl1
oracle    54069      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl1
oracle    54071      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_rbal_orcl1
oracle    54073      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_asmb_orcl1
oracle    54075      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl1
oracle    54079      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl1
oracle    54081      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl1
oracle    54083      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mark_orcl1
oracle    54085      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl1
oracle    54091      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_lck0_orcl1
oracle    54093      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_rsmn_orcl1
oracle    54129      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_gtx0_orcl1
oracle    54131      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_rcbg_orcl1
oracle    54134      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl1
oracle    54155      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl1
oracle    54200      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl1
oracle    54202      1  0 15:13 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl1
oracle    54739      1  0 15:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_orcl1
oracle    54744      1  0 15:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl1
oracle    55289      1  0 15:23 ?        00:00:00 ora_pz99_orcl1
oracle    55292  55105  0 15:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep ora_

查看asm磁盘情况；

[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid
[grid@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576     20480    18770                0           18770              0             N  DATA/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512   4096  1048576     20480    20150                0           20150              0             N  FRA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512   4096  1048576      6144     5218             2048            1585              0             Y  OCR/

登录oracle orcl数据库，使用scott用户连接，会提示密码超期，需要重新设置；

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Aug 13 15:31:18 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn scott/tiger
ERROR:
ORA-28001: the password has expired


Changing password for scott
New password: 
Retype new password: 
Password changed
Connected.
//查看SCOTT用户有哪些表
SQL> select TABLE_NAME from all_tables where owner = 'SCOTT';

TABLE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
SALGRADE
BONUS
EMP
DEPT
//查看表结构
SQL> desc dept;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 DEPTNO                                    NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
 DNAME                                              VARCHAR2(14)
 LOC                                                VARCHAR2(13)

SQL> desc emp;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 EMPNO                                     NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 ENAME                                              VARCHAR2(10)
 JOB                                                VARCHAR2(9)
 MGR                                                NUMBER(4)
 HIREDATE                                           DATE
 SAL                                                NUMBER(7,2)
 COMM                                               NUMBER(7,2)
 DEPTNO                                             NUMBER(2)

以上oracle rac的工作就全部安装完成了。

收录于