Hive配置参考

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安装环境:

机器只需要安装一台机器
   操作系统:Ubuntu 11.04 64操作系统
   hadoop:版本是1.0.2,安装在/usr/local/hadoop
   sun jdk:版本是1.6.0_31 64bit,安装在/usr/local/jdk
   hive:版本是0.8.1,安装在/usr/local/hive

安装步骤:

1.下载

下载hive:http://labs.mop.com/apache-mirror/hive/hive-0.8.1/hive-0.8.1.tar.gz

2.安装

(1)上传hive安装包到机器上,使用root用户登陆:

 tar -xvf hive-0.8.1.tar.gz

(2)将解压的hive分别移动并改名为/usr/local/hive

rm -rf /usr/local/hive
mv hive-0.8.1  /usr/local/hive

3.配置hive

(1)修改/usr/local/hive/bin/hive-config.sh

在文件末尾加入

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk  
export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive  
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop

(2) 根据hive-default.xml复制hive-site.xml

cp /usr/local/hive/conf/hive-default.xml /usr/local/hive/conf/hive-site.xml

(3)配置hive-site.xml,主要配置项如下:
      hive.metastore.warehouse.dir：（HDFS上的）数据目录
      hive.exec.scratchdir：（HDFS上的）临时文件目录
hive.metastore.warehouse.dir默认值是/user/hive/warehouse
      hive.exec.scratchdir默认值是/tmp/hive-${user.name}
      以上是默认值，暂时不改。
(4)改变 /usr/local/hive的目录所有者为hadoop

chown -R hadoop:hadoop /usr/local/hive

(5)配置hive的log4j:
cp /usr/loca/hive/conf/hive-log4j.properties.template /usr/loca/hive/conf/hive-log4j.properties
修改/usr/loca/hive/conf/hive-log4j.properties将org.apache.hadoop.metrics.jvm.EventCounter改为org.apache.hadoop.log.metrics.EventCounter
(6)启动hive

使用hadoop用户登陆,执行/usr/local/hive/bin/hive
(7)测试hive

hive> create TABLE pokes( id INT, name string);  
hive> SHOW TABLES; 
hive> select * from pokes; 
hive> drop table pokes;

4.优化hive

默认meta数据库为derby ，为了避免使用默认的Derby数据库（有并发访问和性能的问题），通常还需要配置元数据库为MySQL

修改配置文件conf/hive-site.xml

<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.local</name>
  <value>false</value>
  <description>controls whether to connect to remove metastore server or open a new metastore server in Hive Client JVM</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://mysql_server_host:3306/hivedb?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=latin1</value>
  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
  <value>mysql_username</value>
  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
  <value>mysql_password</value>
  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.stats.dbconnectionstring</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://mysql_server_host:3306/hive_stats?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=latin1&amp;user=mysql_username&amp;password=mysql_password&amp;createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
  <description>The default connection string for the database that stores temporary hive statistics.</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.stats.dbconnectionstring</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql://mysql_server_host:3306/hive_stats?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8&amp;user=mysql_username&amp;password=mysql_password&amp;createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
  <description>The default connection string for the database that stores temporary hive statistics.</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.stats.dbclass</name>
  <value>jdbc:mysql</value>
  <description>The default database that stores temporary hive statistics.</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.stats.jdbcdriver</name>
  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
  <description>The JDBC driver for the database that stores temporary hive statistics.</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
  <value>thrift://127.0.0.1:9083</value>
</property>

添加metastore启动脚本bin/hive-metastore.sh

#!/bin/sh
nohup ./hive --service metastore >> metastore.log 2>&1 &
echo $! > hive-metastore.pid

添加hive server启动脚本bin/hive-server.sh

nohup ./hive --service hiveserver >> hiveserver.log 2>&1 &
echo $! > hive-server.pid

启动metastore和hive server

./hive-metastore.sh
./hive-server.sh

使用客户端连接和测试

参考之前的hive测试步骤一一执行。

如果出现
FAILED: Error in metadata: javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException: Error(s) were found while auto-creating/validating the datastore for classes. The errors are printed in the log, and are attached to this exception.
NestedThrowables:
com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.MySQLSyntaxErrorException: Specified key was too long; max key length is 1000 bytes
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

或者是
FAILED: Error in metadata: MetaException(message:Got exception: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException null)
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask

以上错误，主要是在select操作、drop操作时，就会出错。

这样的错误，可以修改hivedb数据库编码:

mysql> alter database hivedb character set latin1;

然后重启hive metastore和hive server就可以了

mysql数据库的编码目前最好设置为latin1,否则使用hive会出现莫名其妙的问题

参考URL：

http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/04/26/2471341.html