Chapter 3. Processes

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本文探讨了操作系统中进程的概念及其静态属性，并介绍了内核如何进行进程切换。此外还讨论了进程的创建与销毁方式，以及Linux如何通过轻量级进程支持多线程应用。

The concept of a process is fundamental to any multiprogramming operating system. A process is usually defined as an instance of a program in execution; thus, if 16 users are running vi at once, there are 16 separate processes (although they can share the same executable code). Processes are often called tasks or threads in the Linux source code.

In this chapter, we discuss static properties of processes and then describe how process switching is performed by the kernel. The last two sections describe how processes can be created and destroyed. We also describe how Linux supports multithreaded applications as mentioned in Chapter 1, it relies on so-called lightweight processes (LWP).