vector<<span style="color:blue">int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) { vector<<span style="color:blue">int> val_vector; std::stack<<span style="color:blue">TreeNode*> my_stack; while (root||!my_stack.empty()) { if(root){ my_stack.push(root); val_vector.push_back(root->val); root=root->left; } else{ root=my_stack.top(); root=root->right; my_stack.pop(); } } return val_vector; }