Large language models provide unsafe answers to patient-posed medical questions

文章主要内容总结

本文是一项由医师主导的红队研究,旨在评估大型语言模型(LLMs)对患者提出的医疗问题的回答安全性。研究选取了四个公开可用的聊天机器人(Anthropic的Claude、Google的Gemini、OpenAI的GPT-4o、Meta的Llama3-70B),基于新构建的HealthAdvice数据集(包含222个涉及内科、女性健康、儿科的初级保健领域患者咨询类医疗问题),对888条聊天机器人回复进行了定量和定性分析。

研究发现,不同聊天机器人的问题回复率存在统计学显著差异:问题回复率从Claude的21.6%到Llama的43.2%不等,不安全回复率从Claude的5%到GPT-4o和Llama的13%不等。定性分析显示,部分回复可能导致严重的患者伤害(如错误建议给婴儿喂水、推荐有害药物等)。研究指出,数百万患者可能从公开聊天机器人中获取不安全医疗建议,需进一步提升这些工具的临床安全性。

文章创新点

  1. 构建新数据集HealthAdvice:专注于患者“寻求建议”的医疗问题(而非知识查询类问题),涵盖内科、女性健康、儿科等初级保健领域,共222个问题,填补了现有研究中缺乏广泛初级保健问题评估数据集的空白。
  2. 开发新评估框架:结合定量(问题回复率、不安全回复率等统计分析)和定性(具体问题标签、潜在伤害案例)方法,由16名持证医师进行盲法评估,确保评估的专业性和客观性。
  3. 首次系统性评估广泛初级保健问题的安全性:不同于以往聚焦特定诊断或专科的研究,本文针对患者日常可能咨询的各类初
船载 OpenHarmony AIS 航海工作台:告警与防碰撞预警系统 船载OpenHarmony AIS航海工作台的告警与防碰撞系统,集成十余类告警(超速、偏航、会遇、SOS等),通过网格空间索引实现高效邻近判定,保障实时性。告警管理器统一调度规则、去重、通知与日志,支持悬浮球、语音、跑马灯、弹窗多渠道触达,确保航行安全。SOS紧急通道独立运行,避免干扰。系统设计强调性能优化与多场景适配,为航海安全提供核心支撑。 阅读详情

相关推荐

AI 应用开发:四维架构落地实战——以 HR Agent 为例拆解感知·推理·记忆·执行【意图路由、规划编排、长期记忆、工具执行、面试题】

本文基于四维架构(感知·推理·记忆·执行),以HR Agent为例,系统拆解大模型应用从“聊天”到“生产可用”的落地路径。通过Spring AI实现意图路由、规划编排、RAG检索与工具调用,结合真实踩坑复盘,揭示架构化设计对安全、成本与可维护性的关键价值,为AI Agent工程化提供可复用的实战框架。

王大师企业官方博客 1259

Hexo博客使用PDF.js

clone了一个pdf.js 然后兴高采烈地到文章里使用{% pdf %}标签 结果浏览器弹出了个下载框(使用GitHub的raw) 不知道是不是因为使用GitHub的原因导致这个问题 后来我测试的时候报了个错 优快云上的解决方法 到时候我再试试把资源放回lib/里面看看行不行 目录1.clone1.1.官方方法1.2.NexT主题方法1.3.补充2.修改文件2.1.修改viewer.htm...

LTFan 963

LibTV保姆级教程:从提示词到AI视频成片全流程

AI视频生成技术正以前所未有的速度重塑内容创作行业,过去需要编剧、摄影、剪辑等多角色协作的复杂流程,如今借助AI绘画与图生视频等核心能力,一个人也能完成高质量短视频制作。理解提示词工程是掌控AI视频创作的关键,通过精准描述主体、环境、光线与运镜,可以显著提升生成画面的稳定性与专业度。而图生视频技术则让静态分镜自然流动,有效解决角色一致性与场景漂移等常见问题。这类工具已广泛应用于产品宣传、剧情短片、社交媒体内容生产等场景,大幅降低了视频创作门槛。本文以LibTV一站式AI视频创作平台为例,从核心概念到完整实操

weixin_29046035的博客 993

保姆级教程:在STM32CubeIDE上快速部署micro_ros到STM32F407(附常见问题解决)

本文提供了一份详细的保姆级教程,指导开发者如何在STM32CubeIDE上快速部署micro_ros到STM32F407微控制器。内容涵盖从Windows与Ubuntu双环境搭建、micro-ROS静态库编译、STM32CubeIDE工程深度集成,到串口通信联调与常见问题解决的完整流程,旨在帮助读者构建稳定可靠的ROS2与嵌入式设备通信系统。

o4p5q6r7s的博客 324

航空大数据——项目资源汇总及开源(四)

ADS-B项目开源大礼包

cyc头发还挺多的博客 4991

Python-编写点云处理软件(二)点云软件ui制作之仿CC界面

至本篇结束,我们已经能够获得一个有点模子的界面了,但是具体的功能还没有编写,后续的文章将逐渐完善功能。

weixin_43894929的博客 3954

TPAMI 2024 | MO-MIX:基于深度强化学习的多目标多智能体协同决策

深度强化学习(RL)已被广泛应用于解决复杂的决策问题。在许多现实世界的场景中,任务通常有多个相互冲突的目标,并且可能需要多个智能体进行合作,这些是多目标多智能体决策问题。然而,在这个交叉领域的研究工作还相对较少。现有的方法仅限于单独的领域,并且只能处理具有单一目标的多智能体决策,或者具有单一智能体的多目标决策。在本文中,我们提出了MO-MIX来解决多目标多智能体强化学习(MOMARL)问题。我们的方法基于集中训练与分散执行(CTDE)框架。

小白学视觉 1132

统计学习导论(ISLR) 第六章变量选择课后习题

ISLR统计学习导论第六章变量选择课后题

阿里云专家博主、数据科学领域优质创作者、统计er在读 2万+

visio安装包

Microsoft Office Visio 是一款专业的制图软件。利用经过更新的形状、协作工具和数据链接图表,创建专业级图表以简化复杂的信息。

WINCC7.3破解文件

WINCC7.3硬件够破解文件,有需要的下载!WINCC7.3硬件够破解文件,有需要的下载!

深度学习工具包 DeepLearningToolbox

深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

复分析 阿尔福斯(Ahlfors) 第三版答案 英文

答案分为十章,有部分习题没有答案,全英文复分析阿尔福斯(Ahlfors) 第三版答案

上一篇: Debating Truth: Debate-driven Claim Verification with Multiple Large Language Model Agents
下一篇: OpenNav: Open-World Navigation with Multimodal Large Language Models
UnknownBody
博客等级 码龄16年 5601粉丝 4749原创
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付:10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包

打赏作者

UnknownBody

你的鼓励将是我创作的最大动力

¥1 ¥2 ¥4 ¥6 ¥10 ¥20
扫码支付:¥1
获取中
扫码支付

您的余额不足,请更换扫码支付或充值

打赏作者

实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值