2025_NIPS_LOMIA: Label-Only Membership Inference Attacks against Pre-trained Large Vision-Languag...

一、文章主要内容总结

该研究聚焦于预训练大型视觉语言模型(VLLMs)的隐私安全问题,针对现有成员推理攻击(MIA)依赖模型logits(通常在实际部署中不可获取)的局限性,提出了一种全新的仅基于标签的成员推理攻击框架(LOMIA)。

核心背景与问题

VLLMs在医疗、教育等领域应用广泛,但训练数据常包含敏感信息,且模型存在训练数据记忆行为,引发隐私泄露风险。现有MIA多为白盒/灰盒攻击(需模型参数或logits),黑盒攻击中仅基于标签的方法效果不佳,难以适配实际部署场景(仅能获取模型Top-1预测输出)。

方法框架

LOMIA遵循“回归阶段-推理阶段”两阶段流程:

  1. 回归阶段:通过代理模型(surrogate model)建立“相关特征与生成描述的困惑度(PPL)”之间的映射关系,核心假设是训练样本(成员)的生成输出具有更高语义一致性和更低困惑度;
  2. 推理阶段:利用目标模型生成输出,通过回归模型预测PPL,以阈值判断样本是否为训练集成员。

框架下包含三种攻击方法:

  • 文本-文本特征攻击(TTFA):基于生成文本与真实文本的语义相似度建模;
  • 图像-文本特征攻击(ITFA):基于生成文本与输入图像在CLIP嵌入空间的跨模态对齐相似度建模;
  • 双特征攻击(DUFA)
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