Uncovering Representation Bias for Investment Decisions in Open-Source Large Language Models

该文章聚焦开源Qwen大语言模型在金融投资决策中的表征偏差,通过系统实验揭示模型偏好的驱动因素,为金融领域LLM的安全公平部署提供依据。其创新点在于首次针对Qwen模型展开多尺度金融表征偏差研究,并提出了平衡的轮询提示法与多维度评估框架。

一、文章主要内容

  1. 研究背景与动机
    • 金融领域广泛应用开源LLM,但现有研究较少关注模型在企业规模、行业、财务特征上的偏差,这类偏差可能扭曲风险定价与资本配置。
    • 表征偏差源于训练数据无法充分反映实体多样性,导致模型偏向大型知名企业,而低估小型企业,对投资研究、信贷风险评估等关键金融场景构成风险。
  2. 研究方法
    • 数据与分类:分析2017-2024年约300家美国上市公司,标准化估值比率、财务健康度等多维度财务特征,按GICS代码划分行业与板块。
    • 提示与评分:采用两种提示变体,通过平衡轮询提示法让模型对企业两两比较,结合约束解码与令牌对数聚合,生成企业层面的置信度评分。
    • 研究问题与验证:围绕“哪些企业特征影响LLM置信度”“模型偏好是否跨场景稳定”“高置信度输出是否与实证财务表现一致”三个问题,通过相关性分析、ANOVA、bootstrap重采样等方法验证。
  3. 核心研究结果
    • 企业特征影响(RQ1)<
船载 OpenHarmony AIS 航海工作台:告警与防碰撞预警系统 船载OpenHarmony AIS航海工作台的告警与防碰撞系统,集成十余类告警(超速、偏航、会遇、SOS等),通过网格空间索引实现高效邻近判定,保障实时性。告警管理器统一调度规则、去重、通知与日志,支持悬浮球、语音、跑马灯、弹窗多渠道触达,确保航行安全。SOS紧急通道独立运行,避免干扰。系统设计强调性能优化与多场景适配,为航海安全提供核心支撑。 阅读详情

相关推荐

AI 应用开发:四维架构落地实战——以 HR Agent 为例拆解感知·推理·记忆·执行【意图路由、规划编排、长期记忆、工具执行、面试题】

本文基于四维架构(感知·推理·记忆·执行),以HR Agent为例,系统拆解大模型应用从“聊天”到“生产可用”的落地路径。通过Spring AI实现意图路由、规划编排、RAG检索与工具调用,结合真实踩坑复盘,揭示架构化设计对安全、成本与可维护性的关键价值,为AI Agent工程化提供可复用的实战框架。

王大师企业官方博客 712

TI官方PSpice for TI安装避坑指南:从申请Key到解决器件搜索栏空白(附详细步骤)

本文详细介绍了PSpice for TI的安装与配置全流程,包括申请Key、解决器件搜索栏空白等常见问题。通过分步指南和实战避坑技巧,帮助工程师高效完成安装并优化性能,确保电路仿真工具的正常使用。

weixin_29299807的博客 1095

告别SquareLine!用免费的NXP GUI-Guider为海思3516AV300开发LVGL界面(附完整移植流程)

本文详细介绍了如何利用免费的NXP GUI-Guider工具为海思Hi3516AV300开发LVGL界面,包括环境配置、代码移植和性能优化等全流程实战指南。特别针对二维码组件缺失等常见问题提供解决方案,帮助开发者零成本构建高效嵌入式GUI系统。

weixin_28292761的博客 417

从理论到代码:如何用随机矩阵理论(RMT)优化你的微生物共现网络分析?

本文详细介绍了如何利用随机矩阵理论(RMT)优化微生物共现网络分析,解决传统阈值法的主观性和不稳定性问题。通过R语言实现端到端的分析流程,包括矩阵标准化、本征值谱分析和自动阈值确定,显著提升网络构建的准确性和可靠性。该方法特别适用于高通量测序数据,能自动识别噪声与真实信号的边界,为微生物组学研究提供更精确的互作网络分析工具。

weixin_29096377的博客 363

期权定价模型系列[11]三叉树期权定价[trinomial model ]

三叉树期权定价方法简介

xiaowu1997的博客 1847

智能手环心率检测不准?用STM32+MAX30102教你实现医疗级精度(含算法优化)

本文详细解析了如何利用STM32微控制器和MAX30102光学传感器实现医疗级精度的心率检测方案。通过硬件参数调校、ADC采集优化、运动伪影消除及深度学习算法改进,显著提升智能手环在静态和运动状态下的检测精度,误差可控制在±1.5bpm以内,满足医疗电子标准。

weixin_28335283的博客 530

数据库系统概论课后习题答案(第五版 王珊、萨师煊)

第1章 绪论 1 .试述数据、数据库、数据库系统、数据库管理系统的概念。 答: ( l )数据( Data ) :描述事物的符号记录称为数据。数据的种类有数字、文字、图形、图像、声音、正文等。数据与其语义是不可分的。解析在现代计算机系统中数据的概念是广义的。早期的计算机系统主要用于科学计算,处理的数据是整数、实数、浮点数等传统数学中的数据。现代计算机能存储和处理的对象十分广泛,表

早知晓的博客 11万+

Unity-RetargetPro3-动画插件试用

一个名气大于实战的插件。

大话程序员 713

49、非合作目标运动参数估计与状态滤波方法研究

本文研究了非合作空间目标的运动参数估计与状态滤波方法。通过分析目标的章动运动特性,建立了运动方程,并分别提出了基于最小二乘法的质心运动参数估计方法和旋转运动参数估计方法。同时,设计了误差状态卡尔曼滤波器(ESKF)用于姿态滤波和角速度估计,以提高估计精度。仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性,能够准确估计目标的运动参数和状态信息,为在轨服务提供了技术支持。

gpt4scribbler的博客 91

IEM模型,地表粗糙度模拟

利用微波反演土壤水分时候,利用IEM模型可以实现对随机地表的模拟

深度学习工具包 DeepLearningToolbox

深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

汉书HE8,好用的汇编代码编写工具

汉书HE8,好用的汇编代码编写工具早期编写汇编代码所用功能强大

RU DOS版、EFI版32bit/64bit BIOS常用工具

DOS版、EFI版的RU工具,可用来查看IO、MEM、PCI、SMBIOS等资源。亲测在EFI SHELL下可用。

上一篇: Large Language Models Achieve Gold Medal Performance at the International Olympiad
下一篇: Leveraging Large Language Models for Cybersecurity Risk Assessment — A Case from Forestry
UnknownBody
博客等级 码龄16年 5601粉丝 4739原创
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付:10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包

打赏作者

UnknownBody

你的鼓励将是我创作的最大动力

¥1 ¥2 ¥4 ¥6 ¥10 ¥20
扫码支付:¥1
获取中
扫码支付

您的余额不足,请更换扫码支付或充值

打赏作者

实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值