Can Prompting LLMs Unlock Hate Speech Detection across Languages? A Zero-shot and Few-shot Study

一、文章主要内容总结

本文聚焦于多语言仇恨言论检测领域,对大型语言模型(LLMs)在零样本和少样本提示下的表现展开研究。通过运用多种提示策略(涵盖零样本提示、少样本提示、思维链提示、角色扮演提示等),针对西班牙语、葡萄牙语、德语、法语、意大利语、土耳其语、印地语和阿拉伯语这8种非英语语言的仇恨言论检测任务,对LLaMA、Qwen、Aya、BloomZ等 instruction-tuned 多语言大模型的性能进行评估,并与微调后的编码器模型(像XLM-T、mDeBERTa)进行对比。

核心发现如下:
  1. 提示设计的关键作用:不同语言适配的提示策略存在差异。例如,Aya-101模型借助基于定义和区分的提示能实现最佳性能,而Qwen模型在NLI和角色扮演提示下表现更为出色。
  2. 零样本与少样本提示的表现:在真实世界测试集里,提示方法的性能比不上微调后的编码器模型,但在功能测试集(如HateCheck基准)中,提示方法展现出更强的泛化能力,尤其是少样本提示(通常为5样本)能显著提升功能测试的效果。
  3. 数据规模的影响:当训练数据有限时(例如西班牙语100-200样本、印地语300-400样本),提示方法可与微调模型相抗衡;然而,在数据充足的情况下,微调编码器模型仍是更优选择。
  4. 模型差异:Qwen和LLaMA-3在零样本场景下整体表现更优,Qwen在真实测试中表现更佳,LLaMA-3在功能测试中更具优势。

船载 OpenHarmony AIS 航海工作台:告警与防碰撞预警系统 船载OpenHarmony AIS航海工作台的告警与防碰撞系统,集成十余类告警(超速、偏航、会遇、SOS等),通过网格空间索引实现高效邻近判定,保障实时性。告警管理器统一调度规则、去重、通知与日志,支持悬浮球、语音、跑马灯、弹窗多渠道触达,确保航行安全。SOS紧急通道独立运行,避免干扰。系统设计强调性能优化与多场景适配,为航海安全提供核心支撑。 阅读详情

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nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

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