Evaluating the Application of Large Language Models to Generate Feedback in Programming Education

研究发现,使用GPT-4的编程教育应用程序能有效识别并解决代码错误,但存在错误建议和幻觉问题。学生对反馈的评价积极,但数据可能受规避行为影响。未来模型如GPT-5将增强模型能力,带来更多教学可能性。

本文是LLM系列文章,针对《Evaluating the Application of Large Language Models to Generate Feedback in Programming Education》的翻译。

评估大型语言模型在程序设计教育中产生反馈的应用

摘要

这项研究调查了大型语言模型,特别是GPT-4的应用,以加强编程教育。这项研究概述了一个web应用程序的设计,该应用程序使用GPT-4提供编程任务的反馈,而不泄露解决方案。为这项研究开发了一个用于处理编程任务的网络应用程序,并在一个学期内对51名学生进行了评估。结果表明,GPT-4生成的大多数反馈都有效地解决了代码错误。然而,错误建议和幻觉问题带来的挑战表明需要进一步改进。

1 引言

2 相关工作

3 评估

4 结果

5 讨论

6 结论

对Tutor Kai的评估表明,GPT-4生成的反馈已经识别并提到了代码中的大多数问题。同时,相关研究在过去遇到的反馈中出现代码的问题几乎已经完全解决。总的来说,学生们对反馈的评价相对积极,从1到7分,平均为5.05分。发现的一个问题是,当学生被要求评估所有反馈时,他们可能会寻求绕过这一过程的方法,从而可能扭曲数据。
此外,研究表明,错误的单元测试与正确的学生解决方案相结合会导致幻觉问题。在这种情况下,会解决学生解决方案中没有的错误。为了避免这种情况,必须小心确保GPT-4不会收到相互矛盾的信息。

7 展望

未来,还将根据不同类型的反馈对已经收集的数据进行评估。将制定和评估自动化这一过程的框架。基于此,可以更快地迭代模型和提示。
预计

Language models have shown remarkable capabilities in predicting the effects of mutations on protein function without prior examples, a task known as zero-shot prediction. This ability is rooted in the way these models are trained and the vast amount of data they process. During training, language models learn to understand the context and relationships between different parts of a sequence. In the case of proteins, this means learning the relationships between amino acids and how changes in these sequences can affect the overall structure and function of the protein. By analyzing the co-occurrence patterns of amino acids across many protein sequences, language models can infer the importance of specific residues for maintaining the protein's function[^1]. When it comes to making predictions about mutations, language models can use the learned information to assess the likelihood that a particular mutation will disrupt the protein's function. This is done by evaluating the impact of the mutation on the local and global properties of the protein, such as its stability, folding, and interactions with other molecules. The model can then provide a score or probability indicating the effect of the mutation on the protein's function[^1]. One of the key advantages of using language models for zero-shot prediction is their ability to generalize from the data they have been trained on. Even without specific examples of certain mutations, the models can make educated guesses based on the general principles they have learned about protein sequences and structures. This makes them particularly useful for identifying potential disease-causing mutations or for guiding the design of new proteins with desired functions[^1]. For instance, a study demonstrated that a language model could predict the effects of mutations on the binding affinity of a protein to its ligand. The model was able to identify which mutations would lead to a decrease in binding affinity, even when those mutations had not been observed in the training data. This kind of prediction is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of genetic diseases and for developing targeted therapies[^1]. Here is a simplified example of how a language model might be used to predict the effects of mutations on protein function: ```python def predict_mutation_effect(model, wild_type_sequence, mutant_sequence): # Encode the sequences into a format suitable for the model encoded_wild_type = encode_sequence(wild_type_sequence) encoded_mutant = encode_sequence(mutant_sequence) # Get the model's predictions for both sequences wild_type_prediction = model.predict(encoded_wild_type) mutant_prediction = model.predict(encoded_mutant) # Calculate the difference in predictions to estimate the effect of the mutation effect = mutant_prediction - wild_type_prediction return effect ``` In this example, the `predict_mutation_effect` function takes a pre-trained model, a wild-type protein sequence, and a mutant sequence as inputs. It encodes the sequences into a format that the model can process, then uses the model to generate predictions for both sequences. The difference between these predictions is used to estimate the effect of the mutation on the protein's function. The application of language models in this domain is still an active area of research, and there are ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy and reliability of these predictions. Nevertheless, the current capabilities of language models represent a significant step forward in our ability to understand and manipulate protein function through computational means[^1].
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