鸿蒙开发之无须申请权限访问相册图片

鸿蒙开发之无须申请权限访问相册图片

访问相册图片介绍

在应用开发中，很多场景需要我们需要访问相册中的图片。例如：上传头像、上传银行卡、身份证资料、扫描文件功能、美颜功能等

所以访问相册里的图片成为我们必须要学习和掌握的内容。那如何访问相册图片呢？

在HarmonyOS中，鉴于对用户隐私的高度保护，要方便的完全读取相册与写入相册，需要极其复杂的权限审核。所幸，HarmonyOS也考虑到读取相册对于开发者而言也是一个非常常用的一个功能，因而提供了photoAccessHelper里的PhotoViewPicker来帮助开发者无需获得复杂权限的情况下来读取相册内容。

使用方法

1. 导入相册管理模块。

   import { photoAccessHelper } from '@kit.MediaLibraryKit';
   

2. 实例化PhotoViewPicker对象（也即图片选择器对象）

   let photoPicker = new photoAccessHelper.PhotoViewPicker();
   

3. 调用上述对象的select方法选择图片

   photoPicker.select({
     	// 传入能选择的文件类型，这里选的是图片类型
       MIMEType: photoAccessHelper.PhotoViewMIMETypes.IMAGE_TYPE,
       // 设置能选择的数量
       maxSelectNumber: 1
     })
       .then((res: photoAccessHelper.PhotoSelectResult) => {
   
         console.log(res.photoUris.join(''))
       })
       .catch((err: Error) => {
         // 出错回调
         console.log(err.message)
       })
   })
   

   这里可以看到调用select方法有两个参数：MIMEType、maxSelectNumber

   MIMEType即设置可以选哪些类型的媒体文件，可选值有

   1. IMAGE_TYPE：图片类型，也即'image/*'
   2. VIDEO_TYPE：视频类型，也即'video/*'
   3. IMAGE_VIDEO_TYPE：所有类型皆可，也即：'*/*'
   4. MOVING_PHOTO_IMAGE_TYPE：动态照片类型（实况图），也即'image/movingPhoto'

   maxSelectNumber就比较好理解了，就是设置可以选择多少数量，若不设置默认为50，最大也只能设置500

4. select方法是用Promise进行封装的，因此调用后有两种状态，成功进入then，失败进入catch

   进入then代表读取图片成功，读取到的结果是PhotoSelectResult类型的，这个类型有一个非常重要的属性，即为：photoUris，它是一个数组，里面保存了选择的资源的临时路径，像我们上面的代码，最大只允许选择1张图片，因此取下标0即为选择的图片或视频

用一个小界面测试一下

上面我们已经学了它的基本使用，我们用一个小界面测试一下。界面仅需放置一个Image用来展示选择后的图片，以及用一个按钮进行图片选择，代码如下

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// 导入所需工具
import { photoAccessHelper } from '@kit.MediaLibraryKit'

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  // 用个变量保存读取到得分图片
  @State imgUri: string = ''

  build() {
    Column() {
      // 展示图片
      Image(this.imgUri)
        .height('45%')
      // 选择图片
      Button('选择图片')
        .width('80%')
        .onClick(() => {
          // 实例化选择器
          let photoPicker = new photoAccessHelper.PhotoViewPicker()
          // 开始选择图片，设置只允许选择图片，且最大选择1张
          photoPicker.select({
            MIMEType: photoAccessHelper.PhotoViewMIMETypes.IMAGE_TYPE,
            maxSelectNumber: 1
          })
            .then((res: photoAccessHelper.PhotoSelectResult) => {

              // 读取成功则赋值给变量去展示到界面
              this.imgUri = res.photoUris[0]
            })
            .catch((err: Error) => {
              // 出错回调
              console.log(err.message)
            })
        })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

最终效果如下：成功将猫林老师的照片展示出来了

总结