Android与服务器端数据交互（基于SOAP协议整合android+webservice）

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-27 08:11:50 发布

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本文介绍如何在Android应用中使用KSOAP库调用WebService。文章详细解释了配置过程及调用方法，包括实例化SoapObject、设置SOAP请求信息、构建传输对象等步骤，并提供了获取天气预报服务的具体示例。

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通过http协议，采用HttpClient向服务器端action请求数据。当然调用服务器端方法获取数据并不止这一种。WebService也可以为我们提供所需数据，

那么什么是webService呢？，它是一种基于SAOP协议的远程调用标准，通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台，不同语言，不同技术整合到一起。

我们在PC机器java客户端中，需要一些库，比如XFire,Axis2,CXF等等来支持访问WebService，但是这些库并不适合我们资源有限的android手机客户端，

做过JAVA ME的人都知道有KSOAP这个第三方的类库，可以帮助我们获取服务器端webService调用，当然KSOAP已经提供了基于android版本的 jar包了，

那么我们就开始吧：

首先下载KSOAP包：ksoap2-android-assembly-2.5.2-jar-with-dependencies.jar包

然后新建android项目：并把下载的KSOAP包放在android项目的lib目录下：右键->build path->configure build path--选择Libraries，如图：

以下分为七个步骤来调用WebService方法：

第一：实例化SoapObject 对象，指定webService的命名空间（从相关WSDL文档中可以查看命名空间），以及调用方法名称。如：

//命名空间

private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//调用方法(获得支持的城市)

private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//实例化SoapObject对象

SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);

第二步：假设方法有参数的话,设置调用方法参数

request.addProperty("参数名称","参数值");

第三步：设置SOAP请求信息(参数部分为SOAP协议版本号，与你要调用的webService中版本号一致):

//获得序列化的Envelope SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut=request;
第四步：注册Envelope,

(new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);

第五步：构建传输对象，并指明WSDL文档URL：

//请求URLprivatestaticfinal String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//Android传输对象 AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL); transport.debug=true;
第六步：调用WebService(其中参数为1：命名空间+方法名称，2：Envelope对象):

transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
第七步：解析返回数据：

if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
}/**************
* 解析XML
* @param str
* @return */ private static List parse(String str){
String temp;
List list=new ArrayList();
if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
int start=str.indexOf("string");
int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
String []test=temp.split(";");
for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
             if(i==0){
                 temp=test[i].substring(7);
             }else{
                 temp=test[i].substring(8);
             }
             int index=temp.indexOf(",");
             list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
         }
    }
    return list;
}

这样就成功啦。那么现在我们就来测试下吧，这里有个地址提供webService天气预报的服务的，我这里只提供获取城市列表：

//命名空间
private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//请求URL
private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//调用方法(获得支持的城市)
private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//调用城市的方法(需要带参数)
private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
//调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市)
private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";

然后你可以在浏览器中输入地址（WSDL）：serviceURL,你会看到一些可供调用的方法：

我们选择获取国内外主要城市或者省份的方法吧：getSupportProvice,然后调用，你会发现浏览器返回给我们的是xml文档：

我们可以用 listview来显示：

//WSDL文档中的命名空间     private static final String targetNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//WSDL文档中的URL     private static final String WSDL="http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx?wsdl";

//需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的洲、国内外省份和城市信息)     private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";
//需要调用的方法名(获得本天气预报Web Services支持的城市信息,根据省份查询城市集合：带参数)     private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//根据城市或地区名称查询获得未来三天内天气情况、现在的天气实况、天气和生活指数     private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";


/********
 * 获得州，国内外省份和城市信息
 * @return      */     public  List<String> getProvince(){
    List<String> provinces=new ArrayList<String>();
    String str="";
    SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportProvince);
    //request.addProperty("参数", "参数值");调用的方法参数与参数值（根据具体需要可选可不选）         
    SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
    envelope.dotNet=true;
    envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;         

    AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
    //或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);         try {

        httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportProvince, envelope);
        SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
        //下面对结果进行解析，结构类似json对象
        //str=(String) result.getProperty(6).toString();             
        int count=result.getPropertyCount();
        for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
            provinces.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } 
    return provinces;
}

/**********
 * 根据省份或者直辖市获取天气预报所支持的城市集合
 * @param province
 * @return      */     public  List<String> getCitys(String province){
    List<String> citys=new ArrayList<String>();
    SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getSupportCity);
    soapObject.addProperty("byProvinceName", province);
    SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
    envelope.dotNet=true;
    envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);

    AndroidHttpTransport httpTransport=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
    try {
        httpTransport.call(targetNameSpace+getSupportCity, envelope);
        SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
        int count=result.getPropertyCount();
        for(int index=0;index<count;index++){
            citys.add(result.getProperty(index).toString());
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } 
    return citys;
}

/***************************
 * 根据城市信息获取天气预报信息
 * @param city
 * @return      ***************************/     public  WeatherBean getWeatherByCity(String city){

    WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();

    SoapObject soapObject=new SoapObject(targetNameSpace,getWeatherbyCityName);
    soapObject.addProperty("theCityName",city);//调用的方法参数与参数值（根据具体需要可选可不选）         
    SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
    envelope.dotNet=true;
    envelope.setOutputSoapObject(soapObject);//envelope.bodyOut=request;         

    AndroidHttpTransport httpTranstation=new AndroidHttpTransport(WSDL);
    //或者HttpTransportSE httpTranstation=new HttpTransportSE(WSDL);         try {
        httpTranstation.call(targetNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
        SoapObject result=(SoapObject)envelope.getResponse();
        //下面对结果进行解析，结构类似json对象             bean=parserWeather(result);

    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } 
    return bean;
}

/**      * 解析返回的结果
 * @param soapObject
 */     protected   WeatherBean parserWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
    WeatherBean bean=new WeatherBean();

    List<Map<String,Object>> list=new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();


    Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();

    //城市名         bean.setCityName(soapObject.getProperty(1).toString());
    //城市简介         bean.setCityDescription(soapObject.getProperty(soapObject.getPropertyCount()-1).toString());
    //天气实况+建议         bean.setLiveWeather(soapObject.getProperty(10).toString()+"n"+soapObject.getProperty(11).toString());

    //其他数据
    //日期，         String date=soapObject.getProperty(6).toString();
    //---------------------------------------------------         String weatherToday="今天：" + date.split(" ")[0];  
    weatherToday+="n天气："+ date.split(" ")[1]; 
    weatherToday+="n气温："+soapObject.getProperty(5).toString();
    weatherToday+="n风力："+soapObject.getProperty(7).toString();
    weatherToday+="n";

    List<Integer> icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();

    icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(8).toString()));      
    icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(9).toString()));

    map.put("weatherDay", weatherToday);
    map.put("icons",icons);
    list.add(map);




    //-------------------------------------------------         map=new HashMap<String,Object>(); 
    date=soapObject.getProperty(13).toString();
    String weatherTomorrow="明天：" + date.split(" ")[0];  
    weatherTomorrow+="n天气："+ date.split(" ")[1]; 
    weatherTomorrow+="n气温："+soapObject.getProperty(12).toString();
    weatherTomorrow+="n风力："+soapObject.getProperty(14).toString();
    weatherTomorrow+="n";

    icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();

    icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(15).toString()));      
    icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(16).toString()));

    map.put("weatherDay", weatherTomorrow);
    map.put("icons",icons);
    list.add(map);
    //--------------------------------------------------------------         map=new HashMap<String,Object>(); 

    date=soapObject.getProperty(18).toString();
    String weatherAfterTomorrow="后天：" + date.split(" ")[0];  
    weatherAfterTomorrow+="n天气："+ date.split(" ")[1]; 
    weatherAfterTomorrow+="n气温："+soapObject.getProperty(17).toString();
    weatherAfterTomorrow+="n风力："+soapObject.getProperty(19).toString();
    weatherAfterTomorrow+="n";

    icons=new ArrayList<Integer>();
    icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(20).toString()));      
    icons.add(parseIcon(soapObject.getProperty(21).toString()));

    map.put("weatherDay", weatherAfterTomorrow);
    map.put("icons",icons);
    list.add(map); 
    //--------------------------------------------------------------         
    bean.setList(list);
    return bean;
}

 //解析图标字符串      private int parseIcon(String data){
    // 0.gif，返回名称0,          int resID=32;
     String result=data.substring(0, data.length()-4).trim();
      // String []icon=data.split(".");
      // String result=icon[0].trim();
      //   Log.e("this is the icon", result.trim());           
       if(!result.equals("nothing")){
           resID=Integer.parseInt(result.trim());
       }
     return resID;
     //return ("a_"+data).split(".")[0];       } }

以及帮助类：

public class WebServiceUtil {
//命名空间     private static final String serviceNameSpace="http://WebXml.com.cn/";
//请求URL     private static final String serviceURL="http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";
//调用方法(获得支持的城市)     private static final String getSupportCity="getSupportCity";
//调用城市的方法(需要带参数)     private static final String getWeatherbyCityName="getWeatherbyCityName";
//调用省或者直辖市的方法(获得支持的省份或直辖市)     private static final String getSupportProvince="getSupportProvince";

/*************
 * @return城市列表
 *************/     public static List<String> getCityList(){
    //实例化SoapObject对象         SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportCity);
    //获得序列化的Envelope         SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
    envelope.bodyOut=request;
    (new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
    //Android传输对象         AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
    transport.debug=true;

    //调用         try {
        transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
        if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
            return parse(envelope.bodyIn.toString());
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    }


    return null;
}


public static List<String> getProviceList(){
    //实例化SoapObject对象         SoapObject request=new SoapObject(serviceNameSpace, getSupportProvince);
    //获得序列化的Envelope         SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
    envelope.bodyOut=request;
    (new MarshalBase64()).register(envelope);
    //Android传输对象         AndroidHttpTransport transport=new AndroidHttpTransport(serviceURL);
    transport.debug=true;

    //调用         try {
        transport.call(serviceNameSpace+getWeatherbyCityName, envelope);
        if(envelope.getResponse()!=null){
            return null;
        }

    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block             e.printStackTrace();
    }


    return null;
} 

/*************
 * @param cityName
 * @return      *************/     public static String getWeather(String cityName){

    return "";
}

/**************
 * 解析XML
 * @param str
 * @return      */     private static List<String> parse(String str){
    String temp;
    List<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
    if(str!=null && str.length()>0){
        int start=str.indexOf("string");
        int end=str.lastIndexOf(";");
        temp=str.substring(start, end-3);
        String []test=temp.split(";");

         for(int i=0;i<test.length;i++){
             if(i==0){
                 temp=test[i].substring(7);
             }else{
                 temp=test[i].substring(8);
             }
             int index=temp.indexOf(",");
             list.add(temp.substring(0, index));
         }
    }
    return list;
}

 /*********
  * 获取天气
  * @param soapObject
  */      private void parseWeather(SoapObject soapObject){
     //String date=soapObject.getProperty(6);      }