Study

本文详细介绍了顺序表的数据结构,包括静态和动态版本的定义,以及关键操作如初始化、销毁、尾插、头插、删除、查找和插入的具体实现。通过实例展示了如何处理容量不足的情况并演示了遍历、打印和定位功能。

顺序表

顺序表的概念和定义

顺序表是有序存储数据的线性结构,一般表现为数组形式。有静态顺序表和动态顺序表之分。
静态顺序表

#define N  10
typedef int SeqListDataType;
typedef struct SeqList
{
	SeqListDataType arr[N];//固定数组长度为N
	int size;//有效数据个数
}SeqList;

动态顺序表

typedef int SeqListDataType;
typedef struct SeqList
{
	SeqListDataType* arr;//指向动态数组的指针
	int size;//有效数据个数
	int capacity;//动态数组的空间大小
}SeqList;

接口函数

顺序表的初始化

void SeqListInit (SeqList* sql)
{
	sql->arr = NULL;//让指针置空
	sql->size = sql->capacity = 0;//有效数据个数和动态数组空间设为0
}

顺序表的销毁

void SeqListDestory (SeqList* sql)
{
	assert(sql);
	free(sql->arr);//free掉arr动态空间,记得及时将指针置空,防止野指针情况的发生
	sql->arr = NULL;
	sql->size = sql->capacity = 0;
}

顺序表的尾插

进行数据的插入,要判断是否需要扩容。

void CheckCapacity (SeqList* sql)
{
	assert (sql);
	if (sql->size == sql->capacity)//依据有效数据个数与空间大小的关系来判断空间是否足够插入一个数据
	{
		int new_capacity = sql->capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * sql->capacity;//运用三目运算符,如果sql->capacity为零则赋值为4,否则乘2来进行capacity的增大
		SeqListDataType* new_arr = (SeqListDataType*)realloc(sql->arr, sizeof(SeqListDataType) * new_capacity);
		if (new_arr == NULL)
		{
			printf("realloc failed"\n);
			exit(-1);
		}
	}
	sql->arr = new_arr;
	sql->capacity = new_capacity;
}

尾插

void SeqListPushBack (SeqList* sql,SeqListDataType x)
{
	CheckCapacity (sql);
	sql->arr[sql->size] = x;//插入数据
	sql->size++;//数据有效个数+1
}

顺序表的打印

void SeqListPrint (SeqList* sql)
{
	assert(sql);
	int i = 0;
	while (i  < sql->size)//遍历数组打印
	{
		printf("%d ",sql->arr[i]);
		i++;
	}
}

顺序表的头插

void SeqListPushFront (SeqList* sql,SeqListDataType x)
{
	CheckCapacity (sql);//先检查,扩容
	int end = sql->size - 1;//将整个顺序表的数据全往后面移动一位,为头插数据腾出空间
	while ( end > 0)
	{
		sql->arr[end] = sql->arr[end - 1];
		end = end - 1;
	}
	sql->arr[0] = x;//插入数据
	sql->size++;//数据有效个数+1
}

顺序表的尾删

void SeqListPopBack (SeqList* sql)
{
	asser(sql->size > 0);//防止删完了继续删
	sql->size--;//数据有效个数-1
}

顺序表的头删

void SeqListPopFront (SeqList* sql)
{
	assert(sql);
	int begin = 0;
	while (begin < sql->size -1)//将整个顺序表数据往前移动一位,直接覆盖掉表头数据
	{
		sql->arr[begin]  = sql->arr[begin + 1];
		begin++;
	}
	sql->size--;//
}

顺序表的下标查找

int SeqListSerch (SeqList* sql, SeqLsitDataType x)
{
	assert (sql);
	for (int i = 0; i < sql->size; i++)//遍历数组,找出数据等于x的下标,并返回
	{
		if (sql->arr[i] == x)
		{
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;//找不到,返回-1
}

顺序表的指定下标插入

void SeqListInsert (SeqLsit* sql, int pos, SeqListDataType x)
{
	assert (sql);
	assert (pos >= 0 && pos <= sql->size)//确保pos在size内
	CheckCapacity (sql);
	int end = sql->size;
	while (end >= pos)//将原先pos位置开始的数据全往后移动一位,为新的pos数据腾出空间
	{
		sql->arr[end] = sql->arr[end - 1];
		end--;
	}
	sql->arr[pos] = x;//插入数据
	sql->size++;
}

顺序表的指定下标删除

void SeqListEarse (SeqList* sql,int pos)
{
	assert (sql);
	assert (pos >= 0 && pos <= sql->size)
	int cur = pos;
	while (cur < sql->size)//直接将pos位置的数据pos - 1位的数据覆盖,并以此类推。类似于头删
	{
		sql->arr[cur] = sql->arr[cur + 1];
		cur++;
	}
	sql->size--;
}
06-22
### StudyOS Introduction and Usage Guide StudyOS is not a widely recognized term in the standard IT or software development literature. However, based on the context provided, it may refer to either an educational operating system designed for learning purposes or a specific software framework tailored for studying operating systems or related technologies. Below is a detailed exploration of what StudyOS could represent, combining general knowledge about similar tools and frameworks. #### 1. Understanding StudyOS as an Educational Operating System An educational operating system (OS) like StudyOS is typically designed to help students and developers understand the inner workings of operating systems. Such systems are often minimalistic, allowing users to explore core concepts such as process management, memory allocation, file systems, and inter-process communication without the complexity of a full-fledged OS[^4]. For example, Minix is one of the most well-known educational operating systems, which was used by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to teach operating system design principles. If StudyOS follows a similar paradigm, it would likely include features such as: - A simplified kernel architecture. - Built-in debugging tools for tracing system calls. - Modular design for easy experimentation with different components. #### 2. StudyOS as a Learning Framework for Software Development Alternatively, StudyOS might be a software framework aimed at facilitating the study of operating systems through simulations or virtual environments. This aligns with the approach described in some references, where frameworks provide tools for running experiments and aggregating results[^2]. For instance: - **Simulation Tools**: These allow users to simulate various scenarios, such as CPU scheduling algorithms or memory paging techniques. - **Experimentation Platforms**: Users can test custom code snippets within a controlled environment, ensuring that changes do not affect the host system. If StudyOS incorporates elements from ROS (Robot Operating System), as described in another reference[^3], it might also include: - **Package Management**: Similar to how ROS organizes its components into packages, StudyOS could offer pre-built modules for studying specific OS functionalities. - **Documentation Support**: Comprehensive guides and tutorials to assist learners in understanding complex topics. #### 3. Practical Usage Guide for StudyOS To effectively use StudyOS, consider the following aspects: - **Installation**: Depending on whether StudyOS is an OS or a framework, installation procedures may vary. For an OS, you might need to set up a virtual machine using tools like VirtualBox or VMware[^5]. For a framework, downloading and configuring the necessary dependencies would suffice. - **Configuration**: Customize settings according to your learning objectives. For example, if focusing on process scheduling, enable relevant modules and disable others to reduce clutter. - **Experimentation**: Leverage built-in tools to conduct experiments. Use logging mechanisms to track behavior and analyze outcomes. Below is an example of setting up a simple experiment in a hypothetical StudyOS framework: ```python # Example: Simulating a Round-Robin Scheduler in StudyOS def round_robin_scheduler(processes, time_quantum): queue = processes[:] while queue: current_process = queue.pop(0) if current_process['remaining_time'] > time_quantum: current_process['remaining_time'] -= time_quantum queue.append(current_process) else: print(f"Process {current_process['name']} completed.") ``` #### 4. Conclusion While StudyOS is not explicitly defined in the provided references, it can be inferred as either an educational operating system or a learning framework for studying operating systems. Both interpretations emphasize simplicity, modularity, and practical experimentation to enhance understanding.
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