11.cpp

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-11 16:19:06 发布
原创 最新推荐文章于 2025-05-11 16:19:06 发布 · 241 阅读 · 0 ·
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<img src="https://img-blog.youkuaiyun.com/20150419225155812" alt="" />#include <iostream>
using namespace std; 
class Time; 
class Date 
{public:  
Date(int,int,int); 
friend Time; 
private:  
int month; 
int day; 
int year; 
}; 
Date::Date(int m,int d,int y):month(m),day(d),year(y){ } 
class Time 
{public:  
Time(int,int,int);  
void display(const Date &); 
private: 
int hour; 
int minute; 
int sec; 
}; 
Time::Time(int h,int m,int s):hour(h),minute(m),sec(s){ } 
void Time::display(const Date &d) 
{  
cout<<d.month<<"/"<<d.day<<"/"<<d.year<<endl;  
cout<<hour<<":"<<minute<<":"<<sec<<endl; 
} 
int main()
{  
Time t1(10,13,56); 
Date d1(12,25,2004); 
t1.display(d1); 
return 0; 
}

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std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:203: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:191: undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long long)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:191: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:175: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `displayProcesses(PCB*)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:208: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:208: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:209: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:209: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:217: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:218: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:219: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:221: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `freeProcesses(PCB*)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:233: undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long long)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `main': D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:241: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:241: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:242: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:242: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:243: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:243: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:244: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:245: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:247: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:248: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:254: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:263: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:263: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:267: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `__tcf_0': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.xdata+0x34): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `PCB::PCB(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, int, int, int)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:26: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `PCB::~PCB()': D:/Code-CaoZuo/1.cpp:13: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char>(int (*)(char*, unsigned long long, char const*, char*), unsigned long long, char const*, ...)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/ext/string_conversions.h:115: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/ext/string_conversions.h:115: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/ext/string_conversions.h:115: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.xdata$_ZN9__gnu_cxx12__to_xstringINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcEET_PFiPT0_yPKS8_PcEySB_z+0xc): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Alloc_hider::~_Alloc_hider()': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:139: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&&)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:5979: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::insert(unsigned long long, char const*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:5979: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char*, void>(char*, char*, std::allocator<char> const&)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:606: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_local_data()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:606: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Alloc_hider::_Alloc_hider(char*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.xdata$_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC1IPcvEET_S7_RKS3_+0xc): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o: In function `void std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_construct<char*>(char*, char*, std::forward_iterator_tag)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:212: undefined reference to `std::__throw_logic_error(char const*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:219: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_create(unsigned long long&, unsigned long long)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:219: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_data(char*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:220: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_capacity(unsigned long long)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:225: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_data() const' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:225: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_S_copy_chars(char*, char*, char*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:232: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_set_length(unsigned long long)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:226: undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:228: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_dispose()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:229: undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:226: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.xdata$_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag+0xc): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZSt3cin[.refptr._ZSt3cin]+0x0): undefined reference to `std::cin' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_[.refptr._ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_]+0x0): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\ccaKY5Jy.o:1.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZSt4cout[.refptr._ZSt4cout]+0x0): undefined reference to `std::cout' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status 生成已完成，但出现错误。 * 终端进程启动失败(退出代码: -1)。 * 终端将被任务重用，按任意键关闭。 * 正在执行任务: C/C++: gcc.exe 生成活动文件 正在启动生成... cmd /c chcp 65001>nul && E:\VScode\mingw64\bin\gcc.exe -fdiagnostics-color=always -g D:\Code-CaoZuo\11.cpp -o D:\Code-CaoZuo\11.exe C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `priorityScheduling(PCB*)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:31: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:31: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:68: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:69: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:69: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:69: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:69: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:69: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:69: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:70: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:70: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:70: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:70: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:70: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:80: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:80: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:80: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:80: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:86: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:86: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `roundRobinScheduling(PCB*)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:91: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:91: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:130: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:131: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:131: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:131: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:131: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:131: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:131: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:132: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:132: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:132: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:132: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:132: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:146: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:146: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:146: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:146: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:164: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:164: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `createProcesses(int, bool)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:175: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:178: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:178: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:178: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:178: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:180: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:181: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:185: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:186: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:188: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:189: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:191: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:191: undefined reference to `operator new(unsigned long long)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:191: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:200: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:175: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:203: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:191: undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long long)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:191: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:175: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `displayProcesses(PCB*)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:208: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:208: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:209: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:209: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:213: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(int)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:214: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:217: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:218: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:219: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:221: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `freeProcesses(PCB*)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:233: undefined reference to `operator delete(void*, unsigned long long)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `main': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:241: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:241: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:242: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:242: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:243: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:243: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:244: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:245: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:247: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:248: undefined reference to `std::istream::operator>>(int&)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:254: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:263: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:263: undefined reference to `std::ostream::operator<<(std::ostream& (*)(std::ostream&))' D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:267: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `__tcf_0': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.xdata+0x34): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `PCB::PCB(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, int, int, int)': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:26: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `PCB::~PCB()': D:/Code-CaoZuo/11.cpp:13: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, char>(int (*)(char*, unsigned long long, char const*, char*), unsigned long long, char const*, ...)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/ext/string_conversions.h:115: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::allocator()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/ext/string_conversions.h:115: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/ext/string_conversions.h:115: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.xdata$_ZN9__gnu_cxx12__to_xstringINSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEEcEET_PFiPT0_yPKS8_PcEySB_z+0xc): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Alloc_hider::~_Alloc_hider()': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:139: undefined reference to `std::allocator<char>::~allocator()' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&&)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:5979: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::insert(unsigned long long, char const*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:5979: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char*, void>(char*, char*, std::allocator<char> const&)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:606: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_local_data()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.h:606: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Alloc_hider::_Alloc_hider(char*, std::allocator<char> const&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.xdata$_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEC1IPcvEET_S7_RKS3_+0xc): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o: In function `void std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_construct<char*>(char*, char*, std::forward_iterator_tag)': E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:212: undefined reference to `std::__throw_logic_error(char const*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:219: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_create(unsigned long long&, unsigned long long)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:219: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_data(char*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:220: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_capacity(unsigned long long)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:225: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_data() const' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:225: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_S_copy_chars(char*, char*, char*)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:232: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_set_length(unsigned long long)' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:226: undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:228: undefined reference to `std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_M_dispose()' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:229: undefined reference to `__cxa_rethrow' E:/VScode/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/basic_string.tcc:226: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.xdata$_ZNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE12_M_constructIPcEEvT_S7_St20forward_iterator_tag+0xc): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_seh0' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZSt3cin[.refptr._ZSt3cin]+0x0): undefined reference to `std::cin' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_[.refptr._ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_]+0x0): undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&)' C:\Users\HUAWEI\AppData\Local\Temp\cc45uoJX.o:11.cpp:(.rdata$.refptr._ZSt4cout[.refptr._ZSt4cout]+0x0): undefined reference to `std::cout' collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status 生成已完成，但出现错误。 * 终端进程启动失败(退出代码: -1)。 * 终端将被任务重用，按任意键关闭。
09-29
<think>根据提供的引用信息和用户需求，用户在使用gcc.exe编译C++文件时遇到"undefined reference"错误，主要涉及标准库函数（如std::cout）未定义引用。这类错误通常与链接器未能正确链接C++标准库有关。下面将结合引用内容分析并提供解决方案。 ### 问题分析 引用[1][2][3][5]中出现的错误信息均指向C++标准库函数未定义引用（如`std::cout`, `std::ostream::operator<<`等）。引用[4]明确指出原因： > gcc：会把.c的程序当作是C的源程序进行编译，.cpp的程序当作是C++的源程序进行编译 > 解决上面的错误，就是把gcc编译器换成g++编译器。 这表明： 1. 虽然gcc可以编译C++文件（.cpp），但**默认不会自动链接C++标准库**。 2. g++是GCC中专用于C++的编译器驱动，它会**自动链接C++标准库（libstdc++）**。 ### 解决方案 #### 方法1：使用g++代替gcc（推荐） 直接使用g++编译器编译链接C++程序： ```bash g++ 1.cpp 11.cpp -o output ``` - `g++`会自动处理C++标准库的链接。 - `-o output`指定输出文件名（可选）。 #### 方法2：显式链接C++标准库（手动指定链接器） 若坚持使用gcc命令，需手动添加C++标准库链接选项： ```bash gcc 1.cpp 11.cpp -lstdc++ -o output ``` - `-lstdc++`：显式链接GNU C++标准库（libstdc++.so）。 - 注意：某些平台可能需要附加库（如`-lm`数学库），但C++标准库是核心依赖。 ### 补充说明 1. **头文件问题**：引用[2][3]中出现了自定义头文件相关的未定义引用错误。确保头文件中函数声明与实现一致，且源文件正确包含头文件。但当前错误集中在标准库，优先解决链接问题。 2. **编译环境**：引用[5]提到Ubuntu下Code::Blocks默认使用g++，但工程设置可能误选gcc。检查IDE的编译器设置，确保选择**g++**而非gcc。 ### 操作验证 1. 编写测试文件`test.cpp`： ```cpp #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << "Hello, C++!" << std::endl; return 0; } ``` 2. 使用推荐方法编译： ```bash g++ test.cpp -o test && ./test ``` 预期输出：`Hello, C++!` ### 注意事项 - **多文件编译**：同时编译多个.cpp文件时，确保所有文件都参与编译链接（如`g++ 1.cpp 11.cpp`）。 - **命名规范**：避免使用`cc`作为C++源文件后缀（某些系统可能混淆），建议统一用`.cpp`。 ### 引用依据 引用[4]明确指出使用g++替代gcc可解决此类问题[^4]。引用[1][3][5]中的错误示例均通过此方案解决。 §§相关问题§§ 1. gcc和g++的主要区别是什么？ 2. 如何检查系统是否安装了g++编译器？ 3. Linux下如何安装g++编译器？ 4. 除了链接问题，还有哪些常见原因会导致"undefined reference"错误？ </think>### C++编译中"undefined reference"错误的解决方法 根据您提供的引用信息和错误描述，您在使用`gcc.exe`编译C++文件时遇到`undefined reference`错误（如`std::cout`未定义引用）。这是典型的**C++标准库链接问题**，以下是结构化解决方案： --- ### 原因分析 1. **编译器选择不当**： - `gcc`（GCC C编译器）默认不会自动链接C++标准库（libstdc++.so/libstdc++.a） - `g++`（GCC C++编译器）会自动链接必需的C++库 - 引用[4]明确指出：**gcc不会自动链接C++标准库**，而g++会[^4] 2. **错误表现**： - 所有错误均指向标准库符号（`std::cout`, `std::ostream::operator<<`等） - 错误格式为`undefined reference to ...`（链接阶段失败） --- ### 解决方案（任选其一） #### ✅ 方法1：使用g++代替gcc（推荐） ```bash g++ 1.cpp 11.cpp -o output ``` - **原理**：g++自动处理C++标准库链接 - **验证命令**：`g++ --version` 确认已安装g++ #### ✅ 方法2：显式链接C++标准库（使用gcc时） ```bash gcc 1.cpp 11.cpp -lstdc++ -o output ``` - **关键参数**：`-lstdc++` 强制链接C++标准库 - **附加建议**：添加`-no-pie`选项解决某些平台的PIE冲突 #### ✅ 方法3：完整编译链命令（适用于复杂项目） ```bash gcc -c 1.cpp # 编译为对象文件 gcc -c 11.cpp # 编译为对象文件 g++ 1.o 11.o -o output # 用g++链接 ``` --- ### 补充说明 1. **环境检查**： - 执行`whereis g++`确认g++路径 - 若未安装g++： - Windows（MinGW）：重装MinGW并勾选`g++`组件 - Linux：`sudo apt install g++` 2. **VSCode配置**（引用[2][5]相关）： ```json // tasks.json "tasks": [{ "type": "cppbuild", "label": "C/C++: g++.exe", "command": "g++", "args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always", "-g", "${file}", "-o", "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"] }] ``` 确保使用`g++`而非`gcc`[^2][^5] 3. **头文件问题**（引用[2][3]）： - 自定义头文件需正确包含：`#include "your_header.h"` - 实现文件需参与编译（如`g++ header.cpp main.cpp`） --- ### 引用依据 > "解决上面的错误，就是把gcc编译器换成g++编译器" —— 引用[4]明确说明gcc/g++标准库处理差异[^4] > "undefined reference to std::cout"错误模式与引用[1][3][5]完全一致，均属于C++库链接缺失问题[^1][^3][^5]
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