Assert 过时被TestCase取代——Junit 积累

JUnit与Spring测试实践

原创已于 2022-11-01 09:23:48 修改 · 9.8k 阅读

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文章发表1周内为内容优化高峰期，后续会根据认知迭代继续做完善补充。

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#junit4.12 #Assert过时 #TestCase

于 2016-11-11 23:50:04 首次发布

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本文介绍了JUnit 4.12中Assert的使用及被替换情况，并通过多个示例详细展示了如何进行Spring和Spring Boot项目的单元测试，包括配置、依赖管理和Mock测试等。

在junit4.12中，Assert过时，被TestCase取代

extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests 需要配置事务

在junit4.12中，Assert过时，被TestCase取代

import junit.framework.Assert;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import stu.bestcxx.sshmaven.sshmaventest.model.PersonModel;

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
@DirtiesContext
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:spring/applicationContext.xml"})
public class PersonServiceTest {
	@Autowired
	private PersonService personService;
	
	@Test
	public void testAddPerson(){
		PersonModel person=new PersonModel();
		person.setUserName("Jecket");
		person.setUserPassword(Math.random()*100+"");
		
		//断言：期待结果，实际结果 是否相等，下面 true 是期待结果，后面是条件语句，二者不等程序会报异常，可以自定义异常的提示语,true前可设置该参数
		Assert.assertEquals(true,personService.addPerson(person));
		TestCase.assertEquals(true,personService.addPerson(person));//可以增加提示信息TestCase.assertEquals（"期待结果为true,实际结果（条件语句）为false，报错提示本信息",true,条件语句）
	}

}

Spring测试

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.bestcxx.stu.springmvc.model.UserModel;
import com.bestcxx.stu.springmvc.service.UserModelService;

@DirtiesContext
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml"})
//@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "defaultTransactionManager",defaultRollback=false)//事务管理  
@Rollback(true)
public class UserModelServiceImplTest  extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests{

Spring Boot 测试

<dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>  
            <scope>test</scope>  
        </dependency>

需要借助启动类加载配置文件

import com.bestcxx.stu.simpled.starter.StarterApplication;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * @Title: 包含 SpringBoot Test 模块相关配置
 * @Description: 基础 Test
 * @Analysis:
 * @Copyright: Copyright(c)2021
 * @Company: bestcxx
 * @Author: jie.wu
 * @Version: v1.0
 * @Date:2022-11-01 09:12
 * @Updatedby:
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = StarterApplication.class)//StarterApplication是启动类
public class BaseTest {
}

TestCase-try-Catch

@Test
	public void test(){
		int id=10000;
		EnterpriseInfo e=eService.getById(id);
		
		e.setUpdateUser(10000);//最后更新用户
		try {
			eService.update(e);
		} catch (Exception e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			TestCase.fail("保存失败");
		}
		
	}

Mock

validate 的 maven依赖

<!-- validation 校验 开始 -->  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>  
        <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>  
        <version>5.4.1.Final</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>javax.el</groupId>  
        <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>  
        <version>2.2.4</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>  
        <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>  
        <version>2.2.4</version>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- validation 校验 结束 -->

Mock 测试举例

package com.bestcxx.stu.springmvc.controller;  
  
import org.junit.Before;  
import org.junit.Test;  
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;  
import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;  
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;  
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;  
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;  
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;  
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;  
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;  
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;  
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;  
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;  
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;  
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;  
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;  
  
  
@DirtiesContext  
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) //@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  也是可以的  
@WebAppConfiguration   //单元测试的时候真实的开启一个web服务      
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:spring/springmvc-servlet.xml"})   
//@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "defaultTransactionManager",defaultRollback=false)//事务管理      
@Rollback(true)    
public class ParameterControllerTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests{    
    @Autowired    
    private WebApplicationContext wac;    
    private MockMvc mockMvc;    
    @Before    
    public void setup() {    
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();   //构造MockMvc    
    }    
        
    @Test
	public void testMock() throws Exception{
		MultiValueMap<String, String> params=new LinkedMultiValueMap<String,String>();
		params.add("recordTitle","测试标题");
		
		MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/recordinfo/add") // 请求的url,请求的方法是post    
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 数据的格式    
                //.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE) // 数据的格式    
                .params(params)
                //.param("recordTitle","测试标题" ) // 增加参数  
        ).andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) // 返回的状态是200  
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) // 打印出请求和相应的内容    
                .andReturn(); // 将相应的数据转换为字符串    
        System.out.println("--------返回的json = " + mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());  
	}
}

Spring boot 举例

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import junit.framework.TestCase;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)  
@SpringBootTest
@WebAppConfiguration   
@Rollback(true) //单元测试配置数据库默认会事务会退  此时强制事务提交  
public class ApplyRecordControllerTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests{
	
	private MockMvc mockMvc;  
    @Autowired   
    protected WebApplicationContext wac;  
  
    // 该方法在每个方法执行之前都会执行一遍  
    @Before  
    public void setUp() throws Exception {  
        //mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new NameController()).build();  
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build(); //初始化MockMvc对象  
    }  
    
    
    @Test  
    public void test1() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, Exception {  
        String responseString = mockMvc.perform(post("/a/b") // 请求的url,请求的方法是post  
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 数据的格式  
                .param("a","111" ) // 参数
                .param("b", "222")//参数
        ).andExpect(status().isOk()) // 返回的状态是200
                .andDo(print()) // 打印出请求和相应的内容  
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString(); // 将相应的数据转换为字符串  
        System.out.println("--------返回的json = " + responseString);  
    }
    
    @Test  
    public void test2() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, Exception {  
        String responseString = mockMvc.perform(post("/c/d") // 请求的url,请求的方法是post  
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 数据的格式  
                .param("a","111" ) // 参数
                .param("c","222" ) // 参数
              
        ).andExpect(status().isOk()) // 返回的状态是200
                .andDo(print()) // 打印出请求和相应的内容  
                .andReturn().getResponse().getContentAsString(); // 将相应的数据转换为字符串  
        System.out.println("--------返回的json = " + responseString);  
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test3() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, Exception {
    	MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(get("/a/1000") // 请求的url,请求的方法是post  
                 .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) // 数据的格式 
         ).andExpect(status().isOk())// 返回的状态是200
                 //.andDo(print()) // 打印出请求和相应的内容  
                 .andReturn()
                 ; // 将相应的数据转换为字符串  
         TestCase.assertEquals("/a/b/c", mvcResult.getModelAndView().getViewName());//返回页面是否符合预期
    }

}

extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests 需要配置事务

下面是一个典型的测试方法头部注释，继承 AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests 会使程序报异常

@DirtiesContext  
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})  
//@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "defaultTransactionManager",defaultRollback=false)//事务管理    
@Rollback(true)  
public class TestTableOneMapperTest  extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests{
/*	public class TestTableOneMapperTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests{
*/

异常内容主要信息为

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to retrieve PlatformTransactionManager for @Transactional

原因是没有配置事务。