本文详细介绍了Struts2框架的核心配置文件struts.xml及其配置项，包括常量配置、拦截器定义、拦截器栈设置等内容，并展示了如何通过配置实现请求处理、国际化、文件上传等功能。
struts.xml文件头部的文件可以参看struts2-core-2.2.3.jar包中的 struts-default.xml 文件，这个文件规定了诸多struts2文档的基本设置
struts.xml文件中的内容，这文件的名字是固定的，位于项目的src目录下（根据框架的实际规定决定）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 请求参数的编码方式 -->
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<!-- 指定被struts2处理的请求后缀类型。多个用逗号隔开 -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,qita"/>
<!-- 当struts.xml改动后，是否重新加载。默认值为false(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好打开 -->
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true"/>
<!-- 是否使用struts的开发模式。开发模式会有更多的调试信息。默认值为false(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好打开 -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="false"/>
<!-- 设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容。默认值为true(生产环境下使用),开发阶段最好关闭 -->
<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" />
<!-- 包含的其他配置文件 -->
<include file="struts-method.xml"></include>
</struts>
struts-method.xml 是被struts.xml引用的
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- struts-default-package -->
<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/">
<!-- 定义拦截器 -->
<interceptors>
<!-- 定义单个拦截器 -->
<interceptor name="myinterceptors" class="demo.interceptor.TestInterceptor">
<!-- 定义默认参数 -->
<param name="name">李明</param>
</interceptor>
<!-- 设置自己的拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="myStack"><!--
自己写的拦截器
<interceptor-ref name="myinterceptors"></interceptor-ref>
框架自带的拦截器
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
-->
<interceptor-ref name="validation"></interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<!-- 通配符方法调用配置 -->
<action name="*" class="demo.action.TestAction" method="{1}">
<!--<interceptor-ref name="myStack"></interceptor-ref>
--><result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
附属上struts-default.xml 的内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--
/*
* $Id: struts-default.xml 997234 2010-09-15 09:04:00Z lukaszlenart $
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
-->
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">
<struts>
<bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="xwork" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsObjectFactory" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="xwork" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionProxyFactory"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxyFactory"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="tiger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="notiger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.WildcardHelper" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="namedVariable" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.NamedVariablePatternMatcher"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="regex" class="org.apache.struts2.util.RegexPatternMatcher"/>
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="composite" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.CompositeActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.RestfulActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful2" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.Restful2ActionMapper" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest" scope="default"/>
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="jakarta" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest" scope="default" />
<constant name="struts.multipart.handler" value="jakarta" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.TagLibrary" name="s" class="org.apache.struts2.views.DefaultTagLibrary" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager" name="struts" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.velocity.VelocityManager" name="struts" optional="true" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngineManager" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="ftl" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="vm" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.VelocityTemplateEngine" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="jsp" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.JspTemplateEngine" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" name="xwork1" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" />
<bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkBasicConverter" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="xwork1" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderSupport" scope="default" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderSupport" scope="default" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.UrlRenderer" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.components.ServletUrlRenderer"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionProvider" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionContextFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionContextFactory" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="system" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultTextProvider" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.NullHandler" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.InstantiatingNullHandler" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="no-annotations" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultActionValidatorManager" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFactory" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFactory"/>
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFileParser" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFileParser" />
<bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Iterator" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkIteratorPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Enumeration" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkEnumerationAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.List" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Set" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Map" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Collection" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.ObjectProxy" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectProxyPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMethodAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />
<bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ui.OgnlTool" />
<bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StaticContentLoader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DefaultStaticContentLoader" name="struts" />
<bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.UnknownHandlerManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultUnknownHandlerManager" name="struts" />
<!-- Silly workarounds for OGNL since there is currently no way to flush its internal caches -->
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.ArrayList" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashSet" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
<bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashMap" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />
<package name="struts-default" abstract="true">
<result-types>
<result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
<result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
<result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
<result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpHeaderResult"/>
<result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StreamResult"/>
<result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/>
<result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
<result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.PlainTextResult" />
</result-types>
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="cookie" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="i18n" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="scopedModelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="actionMappingParams" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/>
<interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
<interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="jsonValidation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.JSONValidationInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
<interceptor name="multiselect" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />
<!-- Basic stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="basicStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample validation and workflow stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample JSON validation stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="jsonValidationWorkflowStack">
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="jsonValidation"/>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample file upload stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="fileUploadStack">
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample model-driven stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="modelDrivenStack">
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample action chaining stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="chainStack">
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample i18n stack -->
<interceptor-stack name="i18nStack">
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- An example of the paramsPrepareParams trick. This stack
is exactly the same as the defaultStack, except that it
includes one extra interceptor before the prepare interceptor:
the params interceptor.
This is useful for when you wish to apply parameters directly
to an object that you wish to load externally (such as a DAO
or database or service layer), but can't load that object
until at least the ID parameter has been loaded. By loading
the parameters twice, you can retrieve the object in the
prepare() method, allowing the second params interceptor to
apply the values on the object. -->
<interceptor-stack name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- A complete stack with all the common interceptors in place.
Generally, this stack should be the one you use, though it
may do more than you need. Also, the ordering can be
switched around (ex: if you wish to have your servlet-related
objects applied before prepare() is called, you'd need to move
servletConfig interceptor up.
This stack also excludes from the normal validation and workflow
the method names input, back, and cancel. These typically are
associated with requests that should not be validated.
-->
<interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
<interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
<interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
<interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
<interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
<interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
<interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
<interceptor-ref name="debugging"/>
<interceptor-ref name="scopedModelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
<interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
<interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
<interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
<interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
<interceptor-ref name="params">
<param name="excludeParams">dojo\..*,^struts\..*</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="workflow">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- The completeStack is here for backwards compatibility for
applications that still refer to the defaultStack by the
old name -->
<interceptor-stack name="completeStack">
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
</interceptor-stack>
<!-- Sample execute and wait stack.
Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. -->
<interceptor-stack name="executeAndWaitStack">
<interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
<param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
<default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />
</package>
</struts>
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