前言
在工作中经常使用Spring的相关框架,免不了去看一下Spring的实现方法,了解一下Spring内部的处理逻辑。特别是开发Web应用时,我们会频繁的定义@Controller,@Service等JavaBean组件,通过注解,Spring自动扫描加载了这些组件,并提供相关的服务。
Spring是如何读取注解信息,并注入到bean容器中的,本文就是通过嵌入Spring的Bean加载,来描述Spring的实现方法。完整的例子都在Github上了。
自定义注解
先看一个最简单的例子,在使用SpringWeb应用中的过程中,大家免不了会使用@Controller,@Service,@Repository等注解来定义JavaBean。那么怎么自己定义一个注解,Spring可以自动加载呢。所以就有了第一个例子。
@Target({ ElementType.TYPE })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface MyComponent {
String value() default "";
}
@Configuration
public class ComponentAnnotationTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
annotationConfigApplicationContext.register(ComponentAnnotationTest.class);
annotationConfigApplicationContext.refresh();
InjectClass injectClass = annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(InjectClass.class);
injectClass.print();
}
@MyComponent
public static class InjectClass {
public void print() {
System.out.println("hello world");
}
}
}
运行这个例子,就会发现,@MyComponent 注解的类,也被Spring加载进来了,而且可以当成普通的JavaBean正常的使用。查看Spring的源码会发现,Spring是使用ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider扫描package,这个类有这样的注释
A component provider that scans the classpath from a base package.
It then applies exclude and include filters to the resulting classes to find candidates.
这个类的 registerDefaultFilters 方法有这样几行代码
protected void registerDefaultFilters() {
this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(Component.class));
ClassLoader cl = ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.class.getClassLoader();
try {
this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.annotation.ManagedBean", cl)), false));
logger.debug("JSR-250 'javax.annotation.ManagedBean' found and supported for component scanning");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// JSR-250 1.1 API (as included in Java EE 6) not available - simply skip.
}
try {
this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Named", cl)), false));
logger.debug("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Named' annotation found and supported for component scanning");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
}
}
protected void detectHandlers() throws BeansException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Looking for URL mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext());
}
String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlersInAncestorContexts ?
BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
// Take any bean name that we can determine URLs for.
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
String[] urls = determineUrlsForHandler(beanName);
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(urls)) {
// URL paths found: Let's consider it a handler.
registerHandler(urls, beanName);
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Rejected bean name '" + beanName + "': no URL paths identified");
}
}
}
}
注解修饰的类
@CustomizeComponent
public class ScanClass1 {
public void print() {
System.out.println("scanClass1");
}
}
BeanScannerConfigurer用于嵌入到Spring的加载过程的中,这里用到了BeanFactoryPostProcessor 和 ApplicationContextAware。
Spring提供了一些的接口使程序可以嵌入Spring的加载过程。这个类中的继承ApplicationContextAware接口,Spring会读取ApplicationContextAware类型的的JavaBean,并调用setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)传入Spring的applicationContext。
同样继承BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口,Spring会在BeanFactory的相关处理完成后调用postProcessBeanFactory方法,进行定制的功能。
@Component
public static class BeanScannerConfigurer implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor, ApplicationContextAware {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner((BeanDefinitionRegistry) beanFactory);
scanner.setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);
scanner.scan("org.wcong.test.spring.scan");
}
}
Scanner继承的ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner是Spring内置的Bean定义的扫描器。
includeFilter里定义了类的过滤器,newAnnotationTypeFilter(CustomizeComponent.class)表示只取被CustomizeComponent修饰的类。
doScan里扫面了包底下的读取道德BeanDefinitionHolder,自定义GenericBeanDefinition相关功能。
public final static class Scanner extends ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner {
public Scanner(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
super(registry);
}
public void registerDefaultFilters() {
this.addIncludeFilter(new AnnotationTypeFilter(CustomizeComponent.class));
}
public Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> doScan(String... basePackages) {
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = super.doScan(basePackages);
for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : beanDefinitions) {
GenericBeanDefinition definition = (GenericBeanDefinition) holder.getBeanDefinition();
definition.getPropertyValues().add("innerClassName", definition.getBeanClassName());
definition.setBeanClass(FactoryBeanTest.class);
}
return beanDefinitions;
}
public boolean isCandidateComponent(AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
return super.isCandidateComponent(beanDefinition) && beanDefinition.getMetadata()
.hasAnnotation(CustomizeComponent.class.getName());
}
}
FactoryBean是Spring中比较重要的一个类。它的描述如下
Interface to be implemented by objects used within a BeanFactory which are themselves factories.
If a bean implements this interface, it is used as a factory for an object to expose, not directly as a bean* instance that will be exposed itself