SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] <字段表达式1[,<字段表达式2[,…]
FROM <表名1>,<表名2>[,…]
[WHERE <筛选择条件表达式>]
[GROUP BY <分组表达式> [HAVING<分组条件表达式>]]
[ORDER BY <字段>[ASC | DESC]]
语句说明:
[]方括号为可选项
[GROUP BY <分组表达式> [HAVING<分组条件表达式>]]
指将结果按<分组表达式>的值进行分组,该值相等的记录为一组,带【HAVING】
短语则只有满足指定条件的组才会输出。
[ORDER BY <字段>[ASC | DESC]]
显示结果要按<字段>值升序或降序进行排序
sql各子句的执行顺序:
1. FROM
2. WHERE
3. GROUP BY
4. HAVING
5. SELECT
6. ORDER BY
练习:
1:表hkb_test_sore取出成绩sore前5名的记录,
2:取第5名的记录
1,答案select a.sore_id, a.sore
from (select * from hkb_test_sore order by sore desc) a
where rownum <=5
2,答案select a.sore_id, a.sore
from (select * from hkb_test_sore order by sore desc) a
where rownum <=5
minus
select a.sore_id, a.sore
from (select * from hkb_test_sore order by sore desc) a
where rownum <=4;
3:查询两个分数一样的记录
select *
from hkb_test_sore a
where a.sore = (select sore
from hkb_test_sore a
group by a.sore
having count(a.sore) = 2);
union,union all,intersect,minus的区别:
SQL> select * from hkb_test2;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
c 3
g 4
SQL> select * from hkb_test3;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
e 3
f 4
SQL> select * from hkb_test2;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
c 3
g 4
SQL> select * from hkb_test3;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
e 3
f 4
SQL> select * from hkb_test2
2 union
3 select * from hkb_test3;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
c 3
e 3
f 4
g 4
6 rows selected
SQL> select * from hkb_test2
2 union all
3 select * from hkb_test3;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
c 3
g 4
a 1
b 2
e 3
f 4
8 rows selected
SQL> select * from hkb_test2
2 intersect
3 select * from hkb_test3;
X Y
---- -----
a 1
b 2
SQL> select * from hkb_test2
2 minus
3 select * from hkb_test3;
X Y
---- -----
c 3
g 4