Docker概述以及安装

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-22 15:05:44 发布

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Docker的简单介绍

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。

Docker的组成部分

1. dockerClient客户端：客户端通过命令行或者其他工具使用Docker API与Docker的守护进程通信
2. Docker Image镜像：用于创建Docker容器的模板
3. DockerContainer容器：它是独立运行的一个或者一组应用
4. Docker Host主机：一个物理或者虚拟的机器用于执行Docker守护进程和容器
5. Docker Registry仓库：Docker仓库用来保存镜像，可以理解为代码控制中的代码仓库
6. Docker Machine工具：是一个简化Docker安装的命令行工具，通过一个简单的命令行就可以在平台上安装Docker

CentOS7下的Docker安装(使用yum安装)

注意：Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10，首先验证一下CentOS 版本是否支持 Docker，检测命令：uname -r
1. 安装必要的工具：sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
2. 添加软件源信息：sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
3. 更新yum缓存：sudo yum makecache fast
4. 安装 Docker-ce：sudo yum -y install docker-ce
5. 启动 Docker 后台服务：sudo systemctl start docker
6. 测试运行hello-world

查看版本：docker version，出现下图说明就安装成功了。

下面是docker安装的具体运行过程：

[root@instance-woxsvqdp ~]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
Loaded plugins: langpacks, versionlock
Package device-mapper-persistent-data-0.7.3-3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 7:lvm2-2.02.177-4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-45.el7 will be updated
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-46.el7_5 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================================================
 Package                       Arch                       Version                             Repository                   Size
================================================================================================================================
Updating:
 yum-utils                     noarch                     1.1.31-46.el7_5                     updates                     120 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Upgrade  1 Package

Total download size: 120 k
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
yum-utils-1.1.31-46.el7_5.noarch.rpm                                                                     | 120 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : yum-utils-1.1.31-46.el7_5.noarch                                                                             1/2 
  Cleanup    : yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch                                                                               2/2 
  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-46.el7_5.noarch                                                                             1/2 
  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch                                                                               2/2 

Updated:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-46.el7_5                                                                                            

Complete!
[root@instance-woxsvqdp ~]# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: langpacks, versionlock
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[root@instance-woxsvqdp ~]# sudo yum makecache fast
Loaded plugins: langpacks, versionlock
baidu-bcm                                                                                                | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
base                                                                                                     | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable                                                                                         | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                                                     | 3.2 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                   | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-connectors-community                                                                               | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-tools-community                                                                                    | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
mysql57-community                                                                                        | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                  | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db                                                                       |  15 kB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@instance-woxsvqdp ~]# sudo yum -y install docker-ce
Loaded plugins: langpacks, versionlock
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 0:18.06.1.ce-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2.9 for package: docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libltdl.so.7()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package container-selinux.noarch 2:2.68-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================================================
 Package                          Arch                  Version                           Repository                       Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 docker-ce                        x86_64                18.06.1.ce-3.el7                  docker-ce-stable                 41 M
Installing for dependencies:
 container-selinux                noarch                2:2.68-1.el7                      extras                           36 k
 libtool-ltdl                     x86_64                2.4.2-22.el7_3                    base                             49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 41 M
Installed size: 168 M
Downloading packages:
(1/3): container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                           |  36 kB  00:00:00     
(2/3): libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64.rpm                                                            |  49 kB  00:00:00     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY
Public key for docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(3/3): docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                             |  41 MB  00:00:05     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                           7.5 MB/s |  41 MB  00:00:05     
Retrieving key from https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
Importing GPG key 0x621E9F35:
 Userid     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) <docker@docker.com>"
 Fingerprint: 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
 From       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                                                        1/3 
setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.
  Installing : libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64                                                                           2/3 
  Installing : docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64                                                                            3/3 
  Verifying  : docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7.x86_64                                                                            1/3 
  Verifying  : libtool-ltdl-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64                                                                           2/3 
  Verifying  : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                                                        3/3 

Installed:
  docker-ce.x86_64 0:18.06.1.ce-3.el7                                                                                           

Dependency Installed:
  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.68-1.el7                           libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3                          

Complete!
[root@instance-woxsvqdp ~]#

docker相关命令

查看docker镜像：docker images
查看所有的容器：docker ps -a
查看运行中的容器：docker ps
删除镜像：docker rmi 镜像id
删除容器：docker rm 容器id
查看容器信息：docker inspect 容器id
查看指定容器的IP：docker inspect mysql | grep IP
使用命令查看镜像的ip地址：docker inspect 66650c3bafd9 |grep -i add