Android动态权限申请

Android 6.0以上，即API 23以上，引入了动态权限申请，其中普通权限只需在AndroidManifest.xml中处理即可，而特殊权限不仅要在AndroidManifest.xml中申请，还需要在代码中动态申请。

普通权限如下：

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.BLUETOOTH
android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
android.permission.INTERNET
android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
android.permission.NFC
android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
android.permission.VIBRATE
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

需要单独申请的权限如下，共分为九组，每组只要有一个权限申请成功则默认整组权限可以使用了。

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS    
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
  
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE 
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
  
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
  
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA
  
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
  
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
  
group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

申请步骤

1、首先列出需要申请的权限，并用一个List存放还未获取的权限用于申请

    /**
     * Permission List
     * */
    private static final String[] PERMISSIONS = new String[]{
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, //存储权限
            Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, //读取联系人
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE, //读取手机状态
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, //定位权限
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, //定位权限
            Manifest.permission.CAMERA}; //相机权限
    private List<String> permissionList;

2、在应用启动之初申请权限

    permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
    // 判断哪些权限未授予
    // 检查权限 GRANTED---授权  DINIED---拒绝
    for (String permission : PERMISSIONS) {
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(permission);
        }
    }
    // 请求未授予权限
    if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
        String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, 1);
    }

3、定义回调函数

    /**
     * Callback received when a PERMISSIONS request has been completed.
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                for (int i=0; i<grantResults.length; ++i) {
                    if(grantResults[0] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                        // 用户拒绝授权
                        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permissions[i])) {
                            // 用户已经禁止提示，提示开启
                            Toast.makeText(this, "您已禁止权限，需要重新开启。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        } else {
                            // 重新申请权限
                            requestForPermissions();
                        }
                    }
                }
                break;
        }
    }

效果展示