iOS UIView方法使用详情UIView : UIResponder

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-06 09:00:00 发布

panny_92

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-06 09:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： UI 文章标签： iOS UIView方法使用详情

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/baidu_23219451/article/details/41592911

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本文详细介绍了iOS开发中UIView的创建过程、关键属性与方法，包括如何使用UIView及其子类实现界面布局，探讨了frame与bound的区别。

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view(视图)：代表屏幕上的一个矩形区域

iOS中用UIView来表示视图，不同的控件代表不同种类的view

如何创建view?

//添加一小块视图到屏幕上

//1.申请空间,并初始化大小

UIView *view = [[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)];

//2. 设置view相关属性

view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

//3. 添加view到window上,给_window发送消息;

//将一个view添加到_window上时,view的引用计数增加1

[_windowaddSubview:view];

//4.释放

[view release];

看一下view的相关属性

UIView的父类是UIResponder

1.@property(nonatomic)CGRect frame; 位置和尺寸（以父控制器的左上角为原点）

2.@property(nonatomic)CGRect bounds; 位置和尺寸（以自己的左上角为原点）

3.@property(nonatomic)CGPoint center; 中心点（以父视图控件的左上角为原点）

4.@property(nonatomic)CGAffineTransform transform; 形变熟性（缩放，旋转）

5.@property(nonatomic)CGFloat alpha; // animatable. default is 1.0 透明度（0~1）

6.@property(nonatomic,getter=isOpaque) BOOL opaque; 不透明度（0~1）

// default is YES. opaque views must fill their entire bounds or the results are undefined. the active CGContext in drawRect: will not have been cleared and may have non-zeroed pixels

7.@property(nonatomic,readonly) UIView *superview; 父视图控件

8.@property(nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSArray *subviews; 子视图控件

9.@property(nonatomic,getter=isHidden) BOOL hidden; // default is NO. doesn't check superviews 设置是否要隐藏

10.@property(nonatomic,copy) UIColor *backgroundColor UI_APPEARANCE_SELECTOR; // default is nil. 设置背景颜色

11.@property(nonatomic) UIViewContentMode contentMode; // default is UIViewContentModeScaleToFill 内容显示的模式拉伸自适应

12.@property(nonatomic,getter=isUserInteractionEnabled) BOOL userInteractionEnabled; 能否跟用户进行交互（YES能交互）

13.@property(nonatomic) NSInteger tag; // 标识（父控制器可以根据这个标识找到对应的子控件，同一个父控件中的子控件不要一样）default is 0

14.@property(nonatomic,readonly) UIWindow *window; //自身的window窗口

15.@property(nonatomic,retain)UIColor *tintColorNS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0); // tintcolor 就是控件的颜色，因为很多控件没有backgroundcolor 这个属性，注意很多控件即使你使用的tintcolor 但是不一定生效的，和backgroudcolor是一样的他只适用与部分控件

16.@property(nonatomic,copy)NSArray *gestureRecognizersNS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2); 手势识别

手势相关详情及用法请看链接：

UIView提供了大量管理视图的方法，常见的有以下方法

1. - (void)addSubview:(UIView *)view;

添加一个视图到一个视图里面的方法

2. - (void)removeFromSuperview;

把视图移除(自己)

3. - (UIView *)viewWithTag:(NSInteger)tag; // recursive search. includes self

根据tag值，检索视图

4.- (void)insertSubview:(UIView *)view atIndex:(NSInteger)index;

插入视图，并指定索引

5.- (void)exchangeSubviewAtIndex:(NSInteger)index1 withSubviewAtIndex:(NSInteger)index2;

交换两个位置索引的视图

6.- (void)bringSubviewToFront:(UIView *)view;

将一个视图移到前面

7.- (void)sendSubviewToBack:(UIView *)view;

将一个视图推到背后

8.- (void)insertSubview:(UIView *)view belowSubview:(UIView *)siblingSubview;

插入视图在某个视图之上

9.- (void)insertSubview:(UIView *)view aboveSubview:(UIView *)siblingSubview;

插入视图在某个视图之下

给UIView设置标记和检索视图

myview.tag = 1001;

 [self.view viewWithTag:1001];
 (UIView *)[self.view.window viewWithTag:1001];

几何结构

/* Points. */

struct CGPoint {
  CGFloat x;
  CGFloat y;
};
typedef struct CGPoint CGPoint;

/* Sizes. */

struct CGSize {
  CGFloat width;
  CGFloat height;
};

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">struct</span> CGRect {</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  <span style="color: #3495af">CGPoint</span> origin; </p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  <span style="color: #3495af">CGSize</span> size;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">};</p>
typedef struct CGSize CGSize;

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">创建位置信息 CGPoint的方法</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(4, 51, 255);">CG_INLINE<span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #3495af">CGPoint</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">CGPointMake(<span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> x, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> y)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  <span style="color: #3495af">CGPoint</span> p; p.<span style="color: #3495af">x</span> = x; p.<span style="color: #3495af">y</span> = y; <span style="color: #0433ff">return</span> p;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">创建大小 CGSize<span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">的方法</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(4, 51, 255);">CG_INLINE<span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #3495af">CGSize</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">CGSizeMake(<span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> width, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> height)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  <span style="color: #3495af">CGSize</span> size; size.<span style="color: #3495af">width</span> = width; size.<span style="color: #3495af">height</span> = height; <span style="color: #0433ff">return</span> size;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">创建CGRect<span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">的方法</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(4, 51, 255);">CG_INLINE<span style="color: #000000"> </span><span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">CGRectMake(<span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> x, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> y, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> width, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> height)</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  <span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> rect;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  rect.<span style="color: #3495af">origin</span>.<span style="color: #3495af">x</span> = x; rect.<span style="color: #3495af">origin</span>.<span style="color: #3495af">y</span> = y;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  rect.<span style="color: #3495af">size</span>.<span style="color: #3495af">width</span> = width; rect.<span style="color: #3495af">size</span>.<span style="color: #3495af">height</span> = height;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">  <span style="color: #0433ff">return</span> rect;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">}</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"> 判断两个矩形是否相交</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">bool</span> CGRectIntersectsRect(<span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> rect1, <span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> rect2)</p>
<div> 初始为 0的</div><div><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">const</span> <span style="color: #3495af">CGPoint</span> CGPointZero</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">const</span> <span style="color: #3495af">CGSize</span> CGSizeZero</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">const</span> <span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> CGRectZero</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"> 对一个CGRect进行修改 以这个的中心来修改 正数表示更小（缩小），负数表示更大（放大）</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> CGRectInset(<span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> rect, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> dx, <span style="color: #3495af">CGFloat</span> dy)</p>
</div>

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"> <span style="color:#3333ff;">转换类型</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">将string转换成CGPoint 如@“{3.0，2.5}” {x,y}</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">UIKIT_EXTERN</span> <span style="color: #3495af">NSString</span> *NSStringFromCGPoint(<span style="color: #3495af">CGPoint</span> point);</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">将String转换成CGSize 如@“{3.0,2.5}” {w,h}</span>
</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">UIKIT_EXTERN</span> <span style="color: #3495af">NSString</span> *NSStringFromCGSize(<span style="color: #3495af">CGSize</span> size);</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="font-family: Menlo; font-size: 18px; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);">将String转换成CGRect 如@“{{3，2}，{4，5}}” {{x,y},{w,h}}</span>
</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">UIKIT_EXTERN</span> <span style="color: #3495af">NSString</span> *NSStringFromCGRect(<span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> rect);</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">同理</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">UIKIT_EXTERN</span> <span style="color: #3495af">CGPoint</span> CGPointFromString(<span style="color: #3495af">NSString</span> *string);</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">UIKIT_EXTERN</span> <span style="color: #3495af">CGSize</span> CGSizeFromString(<span style="color: #3495af">NSString</span> *string);</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;"><span style="color: #0433ff">UIKIT_EXTERN</span> <span style="color: #3495af">CGRect</span> CGRectFromString(<span style="color: #3495af">NSString</span> *string);</p>

<span style="color:#3333ff;">直接设置视图的中心</span><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">testview.<span style="color: #3495af">center</span> = <span style="color: #3495af">CGPointMake</span>(100, 200);</p>

Frame和Bound的区别

视图的大小和位置用两种方式表示。一种方式是Frame（框架），即以其父视图为起点，得出它自己的信息。另一种方式是Bound（界限），即以它自己为起点，得到其位置。

其实，系统内部存放的是图的中心点位置和大小信息。Frame方式的信息是按照中心点位置计算出来的。当我们创建一个视图的时，我们往往采用Frame方式。当我们旋转一个视图或者处理视图事件时，我们大多采用Bound方式。