本文深入探讨了计算机系统的核心组件——操作系统，详细解释了内核、系统程序与应用程序之间的区别，并阐述了计算机系统由硬件、操作系统、应用程序及用户四部分组成的基本架构。
1.1 What Operating System Do
Operating system is the one program running at all times on the computer -- usually called the kernel.
Along with kernel, there are two other types of programs:
System programs, which are associated with the operating system but are not part of the kernel.
Application programs, which include all programs not associated with the operation of the system.
A computer system can be divided into four components: the hardware, the operating system, the application programs and the users:
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