使用boost库序列化传输对象

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/-Lei/archive/2012/09/24/2700619.html

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　　使用boost库序列化传输对象，要用到boost中的Boost.Serialization

（一）编译boost

并不是说要用到boost都要对boost进行编译，只有用到以下库时才需要编译，刚好我们要用Serialization，所以要进行编译

The only Boost libraries that must be built separately are:

Boost.Filesystem
Boost.GraphParallel
Boost.IOStreams
Boost.MPI
Boost.ProgramOptions
Boost.Python (see the Boost.Python build documentation before building and installing it)
Boost.Regex
Boost.Serialization
Boost.Signals
Boost.System
Boost.Thread
Boost.Wave

A few libraries have optional separately-compiled binaries:

Boost.DateTime has a binary component that is only needed if you're using its to_string/from_string or serialization features, or if you're targeting Visual C++ 6.x or Borland.
Boost.Graph also has a binary component that is only needed if you intend to parse GraphViz files.
Boost.Math has binary components for the TR1 and C99 cmath functions.
Boost.Random has a binary component which is only needed if you're using random_device.
Boost.Test can be used in “header-only” or “separately compiled” mode, although separate compilation is recommended for serious use.

那怎么对boost进行编译呢：

Issue the following commands in the shell (don't type $; that represents the shell's prompt):
$ cd path/to/boost_1_51_0
$ ./bootstrap.sh --help
Select your configuration options and invoke ./bootstrap.sh again without the --help option. Unless you have write permission in your system's /usr/local/ directory, you'll probably want to at least use
$ ./bootstrap.sh --prefix=path/to/installation/prefix
to install somewhere else. Also, consider using the --show-libraries and --with-libraries=library-name-list options to limit the long wait you'll experience if you build everything. Finally,
$ ./b2 install
will leave Boost binaries in the lib/ subdirectory of your installation prefix. You will also find a copy of the Boost headers in the include/ subdirectory of the installation prefix, so you can henceforth use that directory as an #include path in place of the Boost root directory.

选择一个路径，把prefix改成你想要的文件夹名，这样就把boost库编译到了那个文件夹中了（编译的过程大概要用10分钟吧）

然后在/usr/lib创建一个软链接

　　ln -s /home/lei/mylib/prefix/lib/libboost_serialization.so /usr/lib/libboost_serialization.so
ln -s /home/lei/mylib/prefix/lib/libboost_system.so.1.51.0 /usr/lib/libboost_system.so.1.51.0
注意这时要用到上面两个动态链接库

这样编译时加上-lboost_serialization 同时包含相应的头文件，就可以boost中用来序列化的库了～～

　　更多资料：boost库网站上的介绍

（二）编写自己的消息结构

以下是我编写的一个简单的消息结构

#ifndef MESSAGE_H
#define MESSAGE_H

#include <string>
//serialization
#include <boost/archive/text_oarchive.hpp>
//deserialization
#include <boost/archive/text_iarchive.hpp>

using std::string;

//message type
enum MessageOption
{
    Login,
    Logout,
    SendToAll,
    PrivateChat
};

struct Message
{
    friend class boost::serialization::access;

    //use this function to serialize and deserialize object
    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive & ar, const unsigned int version)
    {
        ar & sender & receiver & message & option;
    }

    string sender;
    string receiver;
    string message;
    MessageOption option;
};

#endif

注意编写class或者struct时要编写serialize函数

接下来是序列化与反序列化的方法

#ifndef SERIALIZE_H
#define SERIALIZE_H

#include <string>
#include "Message.h"

class Serialization
{
    public:
        static std::string Serialize(const Message& msg);
        static Message DeSerialize(const std::string& message);
};

#endif

#include "Serialization.h"
#include <sstream>

std::string Serialization::Serialize(const Message& msg)
{
    std::ostringstream archiveStream;
    boost::archive::text_oarchive archive(archiveStream);
    archive<<msg;
    return archiveStream.str();
}

Message Serialization::DeSerialize(const std::string& message)
{
    Message msg;
    std::istringstream archiveStream(message);
    boost::archive::text_iarchive archive(archiveStream);
    archive>>msg;
    return msg;
}

（三）处理消息

刚才编写的那个消息结构里面有个option，通过这个option我们就可以知道这个对方发过来的消息是要干嘛的

以下是服务器处理客户端消息的函数

template<typename T>
void EpollServerSocket<T>::ProcessMessage(Socket& clientSocket)
{
    std::string message;
    ReceiveMessage(clientSocket,message);
    T msgStruct=Serialization::DeSerialize(message);

    switch(msgStruct.option)
    {
        case Login :
            SendMessage(clientSocket,"Login_Success");
            break;

        case Logout:
            SendMessage(clientSocket,"Logout_Success");
            DeleteClient(clientSocket.GetSocketfd());
            break;

        case SendToAll:
            SendToAllUsers(msgStruct.message);
            break;
　　
        //messages of other type……

        default: break;
    }
}