Erlang-并发

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-17 01:40:28 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-05-17 01:40:28 发布 · 702 阅读

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本文深入探讨了Erlang语言中的基本并发概念和技术，包括如何创建新进程、发送消息、使用self()获取当前进程ID、接收消息及实现超时处理等。通过具体的代码实例，展示了Erlang在处理并发任务方面的强大能力。

创建新进程：spawn

语法：spawn(Module, Exported_Function, List ofArguments).

举例：spawn(tut14, say_something, [hello, 3]),

发消息：Pid ! Message

举例：Ping_PID ! pong表示向Ping_PID进程发送元组pong (!操作符用于发消息)

self()：self() returns the pid of the process which executes self()

接收消息：receive ....end

语法：

receive
   pattern1 ->
       actions1;
   pattern2 ->
       actions2;
   ....
   patternN
       actionsN
end.

接收超时：after

语法：after time

举例：after 5000(见tut19)

pong() ->
    receive
        {ping, Ping_PID} ->
            io:format("Pong received ping~n", []),
            Ping_PID ! pong,
            pong()
    after 5000 ->
            io:format("Pong timed out~n", [])
    end.

下面两个特殊的超时time：

1)infinity(无穷大)，infinity是一个atom，指定了超时设置将永远不会被执行。
2) 0，超时如果设定为0意味着超时设置将立刻执行，但是系统将首先尝试当前“邮箱”里的消息。

-module(tut14).

-export([start/0, say_something/2]).
say_something(What, 0) ->
    done;
say_something(What, Times) ->
    io:format("~p~n", [What]),
    say_something(What, Times - 1).
start() ->
    spawn(tut14, say_something, [hello, 3]),
    spawn(tut14, say_something, [goodbye, 3]).

-module(tut15).
-export([start/0, ping/2, pong/0]).
ping(0, Pong_PID) ->
    Pong_PID ! finished,
    io:format("ping finished~n", []);
ping(N, Pong_PID) ->
    Pong_PID ! {ping, self()},
    receive
        pong ->
            io:format("Ping received pong~n", [])
    end,
    ping(N - 1, Pong_PID).
pong() ->
    receive
        finished ->
            io:format("Pong finished~n", []);
        {ping, Ping_PID} ->
            io:format("Pong received ping~n", []),
            Ping_PID ! pong,
            pong()
    end.
start() ->
    Pong_PID = spawn(tut15, pong, []),
    spawn(tut15, ping, [3, Pong_PID]).

-module(tut19).
-export([start_ping/1, start_pong/0, ping/2, pong/0]).
ping(0, Pong_Node) ->
    io:format("ping finished~n", []);
ping(N, Pong_Node) ->
    {pong, Pong_Node} ! {ping, self()},
    receive
        pong ->
            io:format("Ping received pong~n", [])
    end,
    ping(N - 1, Pong_Node).
pong() ->
    receive
        {ping, Ping_PID} ->
            io:format("Pong received ping~n", []),
            Ping_PID ! pong,
            pong()
    after 5000 ->
            io:format("Pong timed out~n", [])
    end.
start_pong() ->
    register(pong, spawn(tut19, pong, [])).
start_ping(Pong_Node) ->
    spawn(tut19, ping, [3, Pong_Node]).