Linux系统中安装Python3.12

安装编译环境和依赖包

sudo yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"

sudo yum -y install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel wget

sudo yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel libffi libffi-devel readline-devel

#安装openssl11，后期的pip3安装网络相关模块需要用到ssl模块:  

yum install openssl-devel openssl11 openssl11-devel

#设置编译FLAG，以便使用最新的openssl库
export CFLAGS=$(pkg-config --cflags openssl11)
export LDFLAGS=$(pkg-config --libs openssl11)

下载Python3.12.8源码包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.8/Python-3.12.8.tgz

解压源码包

tar -xxvf Python-3.12.8.tgz

安装

指定python3的安装目录为 /usr/local/python3.12.8 并使用ssl模块，指定目录好处是后期删除此文件夹就可以完全删除软件了。

mkdir /usr/local/python3.12.8

cd Python-3.12.8

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.12.8 --with-ssl

make && make install

设置软链接指向Python3

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.12.8/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3.12
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.12.8/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3.12

sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.12.8/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3.12.8/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

设置python3为默认

sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip

修改依赖python2的文件

将 #!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2
需要修改的文件有

vim /usr/bin/yum
vim /usr/bin/yum-config-manager 
vim /usr/bin/yum-builddep 
vim /usr/bin/yum-debug-dump 
vim /usr/bin/yum-debug-restore 
vim /usr/bin/yumdownloader 
vim /usr/bin/yum-groups-manager 
vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down