广度优先遍历二叉树

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-14 21:00:00 发布

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本文介绍了一种使用队列实现的二叉树广度优先遍历算法，并通过具体的代码示例展示了如何构建二叉树并进行广度优先遍历的过程。

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//3、广度优先遍历二叉树。   
#include   <stdio.h>   
#include   <string.h>   
#include   <stdlib.h>

//int   i   =0;
typedef   struct   treenode   /*树节点结构体定义*/   
{ 
    treenode(char* name)  
    {  
        strcpy(this->data,name);  
        lchild=NULL;  
        rchild=NULL;  
    }  
    treenode* InsertSbOnMyLeft(treenode* Sb)  
    {  
        this->lchild=Sb;  
        return Sb;  
    }  
    treenode* InsertSbOnMyRight(treenode* Sb)  
    {  
        this->rchild=Sb;  
        return Sb;  
    } 	
char   data[256];   
struct   treenode   *lchild;   
struct   treenode   *rchild;   
}node;   

typedef   struct   queuenode   /*队列节点结构体定义*/   
{   
node*   info;   
struct   queuenode   *next;   
}qnode;   

typedef   struct   /*将头尾指针封装在一起*/   
{   
qnode   *front;   
qnode   *rear;   
}lqueue;   

lqueue   *   initlqueue()//   (lqueue   *q)   /*初始化一个空队列*/   
{ 
	lqueue   *q;
	q   =   new lqueue();   
	if   (q)   
	{   
		q   -> front   =   0;   
		q   -> rear   =   0;   
	}   
return   q;   
}   

void   destroylqueue   (lqueue   *q)   /*销毁队列*/   
{   
qnode   *p;   
if(q)   
{   
	while   (q   -> front)   
	{   
	p   =   q   -> front;   
	q   -> front   =   q   -> front   -> next;   
	delete p;   
	}//while   (q   -> front)     
delete q;   
}//if (q)     
//q   =   0;   
}   

int   isempty   (lqueue   *q)   /*判断队列是否为空*/   
{   
return   q   -> front   ==   0;   
}   

void   enqueue   (lqueue   *q,   node*   el)   /*入队列（尾插入）*/   
{   
qnode   *p;   
p   =   new qnode();   
if(!p)   
{   
printf   ( "内存已满！ ");   
exit   (0);   
}   
p   -> info   =   el;   
p   -> next   =   0;   
if   (!isempty(q))   
{   
q-> rear   -> next   =   p;  //插入链表尾，作为新的尾 
q   -> rear   =p; //   q   -> rear   -> next;   
}   
else   
q-> front   =   q   -> rear   =   p;   
}   

node*   dequeue   (lqueue   *q)   /*出队列（头删除）*/   
{   
node   *el   =   q   -> front   -> info;   
qnode   *temp   =   q   -> front;   
if   (q   -> front   ==   q   -> rear)   
q   -> front   =   q   -> rear   =   0;   
else   
q   -> front   =   q   -> front   -> next;//头节点往后推
delete temp;//释放出队的节点qnode   
return   el;//返回出队的节点qnode的节点node      
} 
  
void   breadthfirst   (node   *root)   /*广度优先遍历*/   
{   
lqueue   *q;   
q   =   initlqueue();//;   (q);   
node   *p   =   root;   
if   (p)   
{   
enqueue   (q,p);//只插入了一个 node  *p = root 到lqueue   *q
while   (!isempty   (q))   
{   
	p   =   dequeue   (q);//刚插入一个node就让让它出队列了   
	printf   ( "%s   ",   p   -> data);  
	//下面将左右孩子压入队列

	if   (p   -> lchild   !=   0)
	enqueue   (q,   p   -> lchild);/*左孩子入队列*/  	
	if   (p   -> rchild   !=   0)   
	enqueue   (q,   p   -> rchild);/*右孩子入队列*/	 
 
  
}//while   (!isempty   (q))     
printf   ( "\n ");   
}//if   (p)    
else   
printf   ( "这是一颗空树！\n ");   
destroylqueue   (q);   
}


void main()  
{  
	node *A=NULL;  
	A=new node("A");  
	node * B1=A->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("B1")); 
	node * B2=A->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("B2")); 

	node * C1=B1->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("C1")); 
	node * C2=B1->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("C2")); 
	node * C3=B2->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("C3")); 
	node * C4=B2->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("C4")); 

	node * D1=C1->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("D1")); 
	node * D2=C1->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("D2")); 
	node * D3=C2->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("D3")); 
	node * D4=C2->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("D4")); 
	node * D5=C3->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("D5")); 
	node * D6=C3->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("D6")); 
	node * D7=C4->InsertSbOnMyLeft(new node("D7")); 
	node * D8=C4->InsertSbOnMyRight(new node("D8")); 
breadthfirst(A); 
}

/*  
二叉搜索树的广度优先遍历   
A   B1   B2   C1   C2   C3   C4   D1   D2   D3   D4   D5   D6   D7   D8
 Press any key to continue
//*/