Struts 1.1 安装、示例篇

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-22 01:29:07 发布

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本文围绕Struts 1.1展开，介绍了其安装方法，在Tomcat 5.0环境下，通过复制war文件重启服务器生成开发环境。还给出简单登录示例，涉及Logon.jsp、LogonForm.java等文件，最后部署应用并说明目录结构，可作为Struts入门参考。

1. Struts 1.1 安装

安装Struts 1.1 比较简单。假设我们使用的是Tomcat 5.0,并且安装在D:/tomcat下。首先，请到http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/ 下载Struts 1.1,解压缩后，可以看到jakarta-struts-1.1目录，在这个目录下面，你可以看到这样一个目录：webapps.该目录下面有多个*.war，我们copy struts-blank.war 文件到D:/tomcat/webapps下，restart Tomcat，在Tomcat 的webapps下就会生成一个struts-blank空白Struts开发环境。另外，在你解压缩的目录下的webapps中 struts-example.war 是一个很好的struts学习教程，如果你想深入学习请访问http://jakarta.apache.org/struts 或者下载《Struts in Action》 E 文版。

2. 一个简单的例子

2.1 Logon.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %> 
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=gb2312" %> 
<% 
/** 
* This page shows Logon interface. 
* Title: LOGON SYSTEM 
* Description: Logon Page 
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 
* Company: www.ewe.com.cn 
* @author bluesunny <hyjun2001@163.com> 
* @version 1.0 
*/ 
response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache"); 
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); 
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); 
%> 
<html> 
<head> 
<title>Logon</title> 
</head> 
<body> 
<html:errors/> 
<html:form action="/Logon" focus="username"> 
username:<html:text property="username" size="25"/> 
password:<html:password property="password" size="25"/> 
<html:submit property=”submit”/> 
</html:form> 
</body> 
</html>

页面为用户登陆页面，应用到Struts的html标签。

2.2 LogonForm.java

package com.logon.app; 
import javax.servlet.http.*; 
import org.apache.struts.action.*; 
/** 
* This page shows LogonForm.java 
* Title: LOGON SYSTEM 
* Description: LogonForm Page 
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 
* Company: www.ewe.com.cn 
* @author bluesunny 
* @version 1.0 
*/ 
public class LogonForm extends ActionForm{ 
private String username; 
private String password; 
public LoginForm() { 
username = null; 
password = null; 
} 
public void setUsername(String username){ 
this.username = username; 
} 
public String getUsername() { 
return this.username; 
} 
public void setPassword(String password){ 
this.password = password; 
} 
public String getPassword(){ 
return this.password; 
} 
public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) 
{ 
username = null; 
password = null; 
} 
}

这个页面为ActionForm bean ，主要是用来封装客户端的用户名与密码。

2.3 LogonAction.java

package com.logon.app; 
import java.io.*; 
import java.sql.*; 
import org.apache.struts.action.Action; 
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward; 
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping; 
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm; 
import javax.servlet.*; 
import javax.servlet.http.*; 
import org.apache.struts.action.*; 
/** 
* This page shows LogonAction.java 
* Title: LOGON SYSTEM 
* Description: LogonAction Page 
* Copyright: Copyright (c) 2004 
* Company: www.ewe.com.cn 
* @author bluesunny 
* @version 1.0 
*/ 
public class LogonAction extends Action{ 
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping actionMapping, ActionForm actionForm, 
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception
{ 
LogonForm form = (LogonForm)actionForm; 
ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); 
String username = form.getUsername(); 
String password = form.getPassword(); 
If(username.equals(“bluesunny”) && password.equals(“bluesunny”)){ 
return actionMapping.findForward("success"); 
}else{ 
errors.add("login",new ActionError("Logon.failed")); 
saveErrors(request,errors); 
return actionMapping.findForward("failed"); 
} 
} 
}

取得ActionForm中的数据，进行处理，处理结果返回到Jsp页面。

2.4 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 
<!DOCTYPE web-app 
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" 
"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd"> 
<web-app> 
<display-name>Struts Logon Application</display-name> 
<!-- Standard Action Servlet Configuration (with debugging) --> 
<servlet> 
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name> 
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class> 
<init-param> 
<param-name>config</param-name> 
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value> 
</init-param> 
<init-param> 
<param-name>debug</param-name> 
<param-value>2</param-value> 
</init-param> 
<init-param> 
<param-name>detail</param-name> 
<param-value>2</param-value> 
</init-param> 
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> 
</servlet> 
<!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping --> 
<servlet-mapping> 
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name> 
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> 
</servlet-mapping> 
<!-- The Welcome File List --> 
<welcome-file-list> 
<welcome-file>logon.jsp</welcome-file> 
</welcome-file-list> 
<!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors --> 
<taglib> 
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri> 
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location> 
</taglib> 
<taglib> 
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri> 
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld</taglib-location> 
</taglib> 
<taglib> 
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri> 
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location> 
</taglib> 
<taglib> 
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri> 
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location> 
</taglib> 
<taglib> 
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri> 
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location> 
</taglib> 
</web-app>

2.5 struts-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> 
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC 
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN" 
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd"> 
<struts-config> 
<form-beans> 
<form-bean name="logonForm" type=" com.logon.app.LoginForm"/> 
</form-beans> 
<action-mappings> 
<action 
path="/Logon" type="com.logon.app.LogonAction" name="logonForm" scope="request" input="Logon.jsp"> 
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/> 
<forward name="failure" path="/Logon.jsp"/> 
</action> 
<message-resources parameter="resources.application"/> 
</struts-config>

2.6 application.properties

Logon.failed = Logon failed!Please Logon in again!

2.7 deploy Logon Application

创建一个success.jsp，输入:"successflly!".

编译源文件，并且把该应用程序部署在TOMCAT里，假设部署在app目录下面。我们可以启动浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/app/.

2.8 目录结构

/WEB-INF : 
/ WEB-INF/lib : Struts.jar 
/ WEB-INF/classes : 
/ WEB-INF/classes/com/logon/app : *.class 
/ WEB-INF/classes/resources : *.properties

3. 总结

本文详细讲解了安装方法，并且举了一个登陆例子作为Struts框架应用。另外，本文对Struts的目录结构也有说明，这大大减轻了初学者学习负担，应该可以作为Struts入门之用。