结构定义 |
CREATE TABLE |
创建新表。
语法:
sql-command ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE table-name ( column-def [, column-def]* [, constraint]* ) | sql-command ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE [database-name.] table-name AS select-statement | column-def ::= | name [type] [[CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint]* | type ::= | typename | typename ( number ) | typename ( number , number ) | column-constraint ::= | NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] | PRIMARY KEY [sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] | UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] | CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] | DEFAULT value | COLLATE collation-name | constraint ::= | PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] | UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] | CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] | conflict-clause ::= | ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm |
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CREATE VIEW |
创建一个视图(虚拟表),该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。
语法:
sql-command ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW [database-name.] view-name AS select-statement |
例子: CREATE VIEW master_view AS SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='view'; 说明: 创建一个名为master_view的视图,其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。
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CREATE TRIGGER |
创建触发器,触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ] database-event ON [database-name .] table-name trigger-action |
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF database-event ON [database-name .] view-name trigger-action |
database-event ::= | DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE | UPDATE OF column-list |
trigger-action ::= | [ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ] BEGIN trigger-step ; [ trigger-step ; ]* END |
trigger-step ::= | update-statement | insert-statement | delete-statement | select-statement |
例子: CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers BEGIN UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name; END; 说明: 创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器,当用户更新customers表中的address字段时,将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。 比如执行如下一条语句: UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones'; 数据库将自动执行如下语句: UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones';
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CREATE INDEX |
为给定表或视图创建索引。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index-name ON [database-name .] table-name ( column-name [, column-name]* ) [ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm ] | column-name ::= | name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ] |
例子: CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers (email); 说明: 为customers表中的email创建一个名为idx_email的字段。
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结构删除 |
DROP TABLE |
删除表定义及该表的所有索引。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DROP TABLE [database-name.] table-name |
例子: DROP TABLE customers; |
DROP VIEW |
删除一个视图。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DROP VIEW view-name |
例子: DROP VIEW master_view;
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DROP TRIGGER |
删除一个触发器。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | DROP TRIGGER [database-name .] trigger-name |
例子: DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address;
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DROP INDEX |
删除一个索引。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DROP INDEX [database-name .] index-name |
例子: DROP INDEX idx_email;
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数据操作 |
INSERT |
将新行插入到表。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] VALUES(value-list) | INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] select-statement |
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UPDATE |
更新表中的现有数据。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | UPDATE [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name SET assignment [, assignment]* [WHERE expr] | assignment ::= | column-name = expr |
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DELETE |
从表中删除行。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | DELETE FROM [database-name .] table-name [WHERE expr] |
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SELECT |
从表中检索数据。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] result [FROM table-list] [WHERE expr] [GROUP BY expr-list] [HAVING expr] [compound-op select]* [ORDER BY sort-expr-list] [LIMIT integer [( OFFSET | , ) integer]] | result ::= | result-column [, result-column]* | result-column ::= | * | table-name . * | expr [ [AS] string ] | table-list ::= | table [join-op table join-args]* | table ::= | table-name [AS alias] | ( select ) [AS alias] | join-op ::= | , | [NATURAL] [LEFT | RIGHT | FULL] [OUTER | INNER | CROSS] JOIN | join-args ::= | [ON expr] [USING ( id-list )] | sort-expr-list ::= | expr [sort-order] [, expr [sort-order]]* | sort-order ::= | [ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ] | compound_op ::= | UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT |
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REPLACE |
类似INSERT
语法:
sql-statement ::= | REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] VALUES ( value-list ) | REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] select-statement |
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事务处理 |
BEGIN TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的起始点。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | BEGIN [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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END TRANSACTION |
标记一个事务的终止。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | END [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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COMMIT TRANSACTION |
标志一个事务的结束。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | COMMIT [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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ROLLBACK TRANSACTION |
将事务回滚到事务的起点。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | ROLLBACK [TRANSACTION [name]] |
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其他操作 |
COPY |
主要用于导入大量的数据。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name FROM filename [ USING DELIMITERS delim ] |
例子: COPY customers FROM customers.csv; |
EXPLAIN |
语法:
sql-statement ::= | EXPLAIN sql-statement |
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PRAGMA |
语法:
sql-statement ::= | PRAGMA name [= value] | PRAGMA function(arg) |
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VACUUM |
语法:
sql-statement ::= | VACUUM [index-or-table-name] |
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ATTACH DATABASE |
附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | ATTACH [DATABASE] database-filename AS database-name |
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DETTACH DATABASE |
从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DETACH [DATABASE] database-name |
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