sql语法目录(MySQL数据库为主)

语句	注释	语法
AND / OR	条件(且、或)	SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND(OR) condition
ALTER TABLE (add column)	增加列	ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype
ALTER TABLE (drop column)	删除列	ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name
ALTER TABLE (modify column)	修改列类型	ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name dataType
ALTER TABLE（change column）	修改列名及类型	ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE old_column_name new_column dataType
BETWEEN	条件(之间)	SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2
CREATE DATABASE	创建数据库	CREATE DATABASE database_name
CREATE INDEX	创建索引	CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name(column_name)
CREATE TABLE	创建表格	CREATE TABLE table_name(column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, …)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX	创建唯一索引	CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name(column_name)
CREATE VIEW	创建视图	CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition
DELETE FROM	删除表或表信息	DELETE FROM table_name (Note: Deletes the entire table!!) or DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition
DROP DATABASE	删除数据库	DROP DATABASE database_name
DROP INDEX	删除索引	DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
DROP TABLE	删除表	DROP TABLE table_name
GROUP BY	分组	SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name1
HAVING	分组过滤条件	SELECT column_name1,SUM(column_name2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name1 HAVING SUM(column_name2) condition value
INSERT INTO	插入	INSERT INTO table_name VALUES(value1,value2,…)
LIKE	像	SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern
ORDER BY	排序	SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name[ASC
SELECT	查询	SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
SELECT *	查询全部数据	SELECT * FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT	唯一查询	SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name
SELECT INTO	表格或表数据备份	SELECT * INTO new_table_name FROM original_table_name or SELECT column_name(s) INTO new_table_name FROM original_table_name
TRUNCATE TABLE	清空表数据	TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
UPDATE	更新数据	UPDATE table_name SET column_name=new_value [, column_name=new_value] WHERE column_name=some_value

参考文献：
[1] w3school的SQL快速参考.
[2] MySQL数据库CRUD操作（增加、删除、修改、查询） - 飘逸De精灵 - 博客园