#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/eeprom.h>
#include <string.h>
#define delay_ms
(x
) _delay_ms
(x
)
// LCD 相关引脚定义
#define LCD_RS PC
0
#define LCD_RW PC
1
#define LCD_E PC2
#define LCD_D4 PA4
#define LCD_D
5 PA
5
#define LCD_D6 PA6
#define LCD_D7 PA7
// 按键引脚定义（
使用PORTD）
#define SET_BUTTON PIND
0
#define ADD_BUTTON PIND
1
#define SUB_BUTTON PIND2
// LED 引脚定义
#define LED_PIN PB3
// EEPROM存储地址
#define EEPROM_TIME_HOUR_ADDR
0x
00
#define EEPROM_TIME_MINUTE_ADDR
0x
01
#define EEPROM_DATE_YEAR_ADDR
0x
02
#define EEPROM_DATE_MONTH_ADDR
0x
03
#define EEPROM_DATE_DAY_ADDR
0x
04
// 全局变量
volatile uint8_t hour
= 12; // 小时（
0-23）
volatile uint8_t minute
= 0; // 分钟（
0-
59）
volatile uint8_t second
= 0; // 秒（
0-
59）
volatile uint8_t year
= 23; // 年份（后两位）
volatile uint8_t month
= 1; // 月份（
1-
12）
volatile uint8_t day
= 1; // 日期（
1-3
1）
volatile uint8_t set_mode
= 0; //
0:正常显示,
1:设置小时, 2:设置分钟, 3:设置年, 4:设置月,
5:设置日
volatile uint8_t blink_state
= 0; // 闪烁状态
volatile uint8_t timer
1_counter
= 0; // 定时器计数器
// 闹钟结构
typedef struct {
uint8_t hour;
uint8_t minute;
uint8_t enabled;
} Alarm;
Alarm alarm
1 = {8,
0,
0}; // 闹钟
1，默认8:
00，关闭
Alarm alarm2
= {
12,
0,
0}; // 闹钟2，默认
12:
00，关闭
// LCD初始化
void LCD_Init
() {
// 设置数据端口为输出
DDRA |
= (1<<LCD_D4
) |
(1<<LCD_D
5) |
(1<<LCD_D6
) |
(1<<LCD_D7
);
// 设置控制端口为输出
DDRC |
= (1<<LCD_RS
) |
(1<<LCD_RW
) |
(1<<LCD_E
);
// 初始化序列
delay_ms
(50); // 等待LCD上电稳定
// 4位模式初始化
LCD_Write_Command
(0x33
);
LCD_Write_Command
(0x32
);
LCD_Write_Command
(0x28
); // 4位模式，2行显示，
5x8点阵
LCD_Write_Command
(0x
0C
); // 显示开，光标关，闪烁关
LCD_Write_Command
(0x
06
); // 增量模式，不移位
LCD_Write_Command
(0x
01); // 清屏
delay_ms
(2
);
}
// 向LCD发送命令
void LCD_Write_Command
(unsigned char cmd
) {
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_RS
); // RS
=0 命令模式
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_RW
); // RW
=0 写入
// 发送高4位
PORTA
= (PORTA &
0x
0F
) |
(cmd &
0xF
0);
PORTC |
= (1<<LCD_E
); // E
=1
delay_ms
(1);
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_E
); // E
=0
// 发送低4位
PORTA
= (PORTA &
0x
0F
) |
((cmd << 4
) &
0xF
0);
PORTC |
= (1<<LCD_E
); // E
=1
delay_ms
(1);
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_E
); // E
=0
delay_ms
(1);
}
// 向LCD发送数据
void LCD_Write_Data
(unsigned char data
) {
PORTC |
= (1<<LCD_RS
); // RS
=1 数据模式
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_RW
); // RW
=0 写入
// 发送高4位
PORTA
= (PORTA &
0x
0F
) |
(data &
0xF
0);
PORTC |
= (1<<LCD_E
); // E
=1
delay_ms
(1);
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_E
); // E
=0
// 发送低4位
PORTA
= (PORTA &
0x
0F
) |
((data << 4
) &
0xF
0);
PORTC |
= (1<<LCD_E
); // E
=1
delay_ms
(1);
PORTC &
= ~
(1<<LCD_E
); // E
=0
delay_ms
(1);
}
// 在LCD上显示字符串
void LCD_Display_String
(char *str
) {
while
(*str
) {
LCD_Write_Data
(*str++
);
}
}
// 设置LCD光标位置
void LCD_Set_Cursor
(uint8_t row, uint8_t col
) {
uint8_t address;
if
(row
== 0) {
address
= 0x8
0 + col;
} else {
address
= 0xC
0 + col;
}
LCD_Write_Command
(address
);
}
// 显示时间
void Display_Time
() {
char buffer[
16];
// 第一行显示时间
LCD_Set_Cursor
(0, 4
);
sprintf
(buffer, "%
02d:%
02d:%
02d", hour, minute, second
);
LCD_Display_String
(buffer
);
// 第二行显示日期
LCD_Set_Cursor
(1, 4
);
sprintf
(buffer, "
20%
02d-%
02d-%
02d", year, month, day
);
LCD_Display_String
(buffer
);
}
// 显示设置模式
void Display_Set_Mode
() {
char buffer[
16];
LCD_Set_Cursor
(0,
0);
LCD_Display_String
("Set:"
);
switch
(set_mode
) {
case
1: // 设置小时
if
(blink_state
) {
sprintf
(buffer, "Hour: %
02d", hour
);
} else {
sprintf
(buffer, "Hour: "
);
}
break;
case 2: // 设置分钟
if
(blink_state
) {
sprintf
(buffer, "Minute:%
02d", minute
);
} else {
sprintf
(buffer, "Minute: "
);
}
break;
case 3: // 设置年
if
(blink_state
) {
sprintf
(buffer, "Year:
20%
02d", year
);
} else {
sprintf
(buffer, "Year: "
);
}
break;
case 4: // 设置月
if
(blink_state
) {
sprintf
(buffer, "Month: %
02d", month
);
} else {
sprintf
(buffer, "Month: "
);
}
break;
case
5: // 设置日
if
(blink_state
) {
sprintf
(buffer, "Day: %
02d", day
);
} else {
sprintf
(buffer, "Day: "
);
}
break;
default:
sprintf
(buffer, "Normal Mode "
);
}
LCD_Set_Cursor
(0,
5);
LCD_Display_String
(buffer
);
// 仍然显示时间日期
LCD_Set_Cursor
(1,
0);
sprintf
(buffer, "Time:%
02d:%
02d:%
02d", hour, minute, second
);
LCD_Display_String
(buffer
);
}
// 从EEPROM加载时间日期
void Load_Time_From_EEPROM
() {
hour
= eeprom_read_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_TIME_HOUR_ADDR
);
minute
= eeprom_read_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_TIME_MINUTE_ADDR
);
year
= eeprom_read_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_DATE_YEAR_ADDR
);
month
= eeprom_read_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_DATE_MONTH_ADDR
);
day
= eeprom_read_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_DATE_DAY_ADDR
);
// 检查读取的值是否有效
if
(hour > 23
) hour
= 0;
if
(minute >
59
) minute
= 0;
if
(year > 99
) year
= 23;
if
(month
== 0 || month >
12
) month
= 1;
if
(day
== 0 || day > 3
1) day
= 1;
}
// 保存时间日期到EEPROM
void Save_Time_To_EEPROM
() {
eeprom_update_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_TIME_HOUR_ADDR, hour
);
eeprom_update_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_TIME_MINUTE_ADDR, minute
);
eeprom_update_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_DATE_YEAR_ADDR, year
);
eeprom_update_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_DATE_MONTH_ADDR, month
);
eeprom_update_byte
((uint8_t*
)EEPROM_DATE_DAY_ADDR, day
);
}
// 初始化定时器
1 (1秒中断
)
void Timer
1_Init
() {
// 设置定时器
1为CTC模式
TCCR
1B |
= (1 << WGM
12
);
// 设置预分频为
1024
TCCR
1B |
= (1 << CS
12
) |
(1 << CS
10);
// 设置比较值
(16MHz/
1024
= 1562
5 ticks/sec,
1562
5 ticks
= 1秒
)
OCR
1A
= 1562
5;
// 启用比较匹配中断
TIMSK |
= (1 << OCIE
1A
);
}
// 初始化按键引脚
void Buttons_Init
() {
// 设置按键引脚为输入，启用上拉电阻
DDRD &
= ~
((1<<SET_BUTTON
) |
(1<<ADD_BUTTON
) |
(1<<SUB_BUTTON
));
PORTD |
= (1<<SET_BUTTON
) |
(1<<ADD_BUTTON
) |
(1<<SUB_BUTTON
);
}
// 按键扫描
void Key_Scan
() {
static uint8_t last_set_state
= 1;
static uint8_t last_add_state
= 1;
static uint8_t last_sub_state
= 1;
uint8_t current_set_state
= PIND &
(1<<SET_BUTTON
);
uint8_t current_add_state
= PIND &
(1<<ADD_BUTTON
);
uint8_t current_sub_state
= PIND &
(1<<SUB_BUTTON
);
// 检测设置按键按下
if
(last_set_state && !current_set_state
) {
_delay_ms
(20); // 消抖
if
(!
(PIND &
(1<<SET_BUTTON
))) {
set_mode++;
if
(set_mode >
5) set_mode
= 0;
if
(set_mode
== 0) {
// 退出设置模式，保存时间到EEPROM
Save_Time_To_EEPROM
();
}
}
}
// 只在设置模式下检测加减按键
if
(set_mode >
0) {
// 检测增加按键按下
if
(last_add_state && !current_add_state
) {
_delay_ms
(20); // 消抖
if
(!
(PIND &
(1<<ADD_BUTTON
))) {
switch
(set_mode
) {
case
1: // 增加小时
hour
= (hour +
1) % 24;
break;
case 2: // 增加分钟
minute
= (minute +
1) % 6
0;
break;
case 3: // 增加年
year
= (year +
1) %
100;
break;
case 4: // 增加月
month
= (month %
12
) +
1;
break;
case
5: // 增加日
day
= (day % 3
1) +
1;
break;
}
}
}
// 检测减少按键按下
if
(last_sub_state && !current_sub_state
) {
_delay_ms
(20); // 消抖
if
(!
(PIND &
(1<<SUB_BUTTON
))) {
switch
(set_mode
) {
case
1: // 减少小时
hour
= (hour
== 0) ? 23 : hour -
1;
break;
case 2: // 减少分钟
minute
= (minute
== 0) ?
59 : minute -
1;
break;
case 3: // 减少年
year
= (year
== 0) ? 99 : year -
1;
break;
case 4: // 减少月
month
= (month
== 1) ?
12 : month -
1;
break;
case
5: // 减少日
day
= (day
== 1) ? 3
1 : day -
1;
break;
}
}
}
}
last_set_state
= current_set_state;
last_add_state
= current_add_state;
last_sub_state
= current_sub_state;
}
// 检查闹钟
void Check_Alarms
() {
static uint8_t alarm
1_triggered
= 0;
static uint8_t alarm2_triggered
= 0;
// 检查闹钟
1
if
(alarm
1.enabled && !alarm
1_triggered &&
hour
== alarm
1.hour && minute
== alarm
1.minute && second
== 0) {
alarm
1_triggered
= 1;
PORTB |
= (1<<LED_PIN
); // 打开LED
}
// 检查闹钟2
if
(alarm2.enabled && !alarm2_triggered &&
hour
== alarm2.hour && minute
== alarm2.minute && second
== 0) {
alarm2_triggered
= 1;
PORTB |
= (1<<LED_PIN
); // 打开LED
}
// 每分钟重置闹钟触发标志
if
(second
== 0) {
alarm
1_triggered
= 0;
alarm2_triggered
= 0;
}
// 如果LED亮起，检测按键关闭
if
(PORTB &
(1<<LED_PIN
)) {
if
(!
(PIND &
(1<<SET_BUTTON
)) || !
(PIND &
(1<<ADD_BUTTON
)) || !
(PIND &
(1<<SUB_BUTTON
))) {
PORTB &
= ~
(1<<LED_PIN
); // 关闭LED
}
}
}
// 定时器
1比较匹配中断服务程序
ISR
(TIMER
1_COMPA_vect
) {
// 更新时间
second++;
if
(second >
= 6
0) {
second
= 0;
minute++;
if
(minute >
= 6
0) {
minute
= 0;
hour++;
if
(hour >
= 24
) {
hour
= 0;
// 日期增加
逻辑
day++;
uint8_t max_day
= 3
1;
// 处理不同月份的天数
if
(month
== 4 || month
== 6 || month
== 9 || month
== 11) {
max_day
= 3
0;
} else if
(month
== 2
) {
// 简单处理2月天数（不考虑闰年）
max_day
= 28;
}
if
(day > max_day
) {
day
= 1;
month++;
if
(month >
12
) {
month
= 1;
year++;
if
(year > 99
) year
= 0;
}
}
}
}
}
// 更新闪烁状态
(0.
5秒周期
)
timer
1_counter++;
if
(timer
1_counter >
= 5) { //
10次
= 1秒
(0.
1秒中断
)
timer
1_counter
= 0;
blink_state
= !blink_state;
}
// 检查闹钟
Check_Alarms
();
}
int main
(void
) {
// 初始化端口
DDRB |
= (1<<LED_PIN
); // LED引脚为输出
PORTB &
= ~
(1<<LED_PIN
); // 初始关闭LED
// 初始化按键
Buttons_Init
();
// 初始化LCD
LCD_Init
();
// 从EEPROM加载时间
Load_Time_From_EEPROM
();
// 初始化定时器
Timer
1_Init
();
// 启用全局中断
sei
();
// 清屏并显示欢迎信息
LCD_Write_Command
(0x
01);
LCD_Set_Cursor
(0, 3
);
LCD_Display_String
("AVR Clock"
);
LCD_Set_Cursor
(1, 2
);
LCD_Display_String
("Initializing..."
);
delay_ms
(1000);
LCD_Write_Command
(0x
01);
while
(1) {
// 扫描按键
Key_Scan
();
// 更新显示
if
(set_mode
== 0) {
Display_Time
();
} else {
Display_Set_Mode
();
}
// 短暂延迟
delay_ms
(100);
}
return
0;
}引脚不变，atmega
128
单片机，优化代码，功能为时钟电路，添加秒表
本文深入探讨了C语言中位元操作符的使用，包括与、或、异或运算及其在位元级操作上的应用。通过具体实例解释了如何利用这些运算符进行位元清零、置一和取反操作。
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