springmvc入门笔记一:运行流程以及简单Hello World

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-24 01:47:46 发布

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本文详细介绍SpringMVC的两种实现方式：基于配置文件和基于注解的HelloWorld案例。包括搭建环境、配置文件详解及控制器编写。

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做个笔记,留着自己以后复习,

一:springmvc运行流程:

二：简单的Hello World

1)基于配置文件的

第一步：导入所需要的jar包

第二步：在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
 id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

<display-name>SpringMvcDemo</display-name>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

<!--默认加载方式

默认加载必须规范

*文件命名:servlet-name-servlet.xml==springmvc-servlet.xml

*路径规范:必须在WEB-INF目录下面

-->

<init-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>

</init-param>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<!-- 编码过滤器 -->

<filter>

<filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

<init-param>

<param-name>encoding</param-name>

<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>

</init-param>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

</web-app>

第三步：编写springmvc.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">

<!-- 配置处理器映射器,springmvc默认的处理器映射器 （可以省略不写）

BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping:根据bean(自定义Contorller)的name 属性的url去寻找handler(Action:Controller)

-->

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

<!--配置处理器适配器执行Controller,

springmvc默认的SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter(可以省略)  -->

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

<!-- 配置自定义Controller -->

<bean name="/hello.do" class="com.example.controller.MyController"></bean>

<!--配置springmvc视图解析器：解析逻辑视图

后台返回逻辑视图:index

视图解析器解析出真正逻辑视图:前端+逻辑视图+后缀=====WEB-INF/jsps/hello.jsp

 -->

 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"></property>

  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>

 </bean>

</beans>

第四步：编写自定义Controller

public class MyController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//接受请求,接受参数,验证参数
//封装参数,调用业务方法
//返回视图
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
//设置页面回显参数
mv.addObject("hello", "Hello World!!!");
//指定跳转的视图
//返回物理视图
//mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsps/hello.jsp");
mv.setViewName("hello");
return mv;
}


}

1)基于注解的

  第一步：导入所需要的jar包
    第二步：在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
 id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>SpringMvcDemo</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--默认加载方式
默认加载必须规范
*文件命名:servlet-name-servlet.xml==springmvc-servlet.xml
*路径规范:必须在WEB-INF目录下面
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
第三步：编写springmvc.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.example"></context:component-scan>

<!-- 配置注解处理器映射器

功能:寻找controller

-->

 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"></bean> 

<!--配置注解处理器适配器

功能:调用controller方法

 -->

 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"></bean> 

<!--配置springmvc视图解析器：解析逻辑视图

后台返回逻辑视图:index

视图解析器解析出真正逻辑视图:前端+逻辑视图+后缀=====WEB-INF/jsps/hello.jsp

 -->

 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsps/"></property>

  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>

 </bean>

</beans>
第四步:自定义Controller
@Controller

public class MyController {

@RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)

public String hello(Model model) {

model.addAttribute("hello", "Hello World!!!");

return "hello";

}

}


启动Tomcat 在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8080/SpringMvcDemo/hello.do