playwright使用教程

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前言

playwright是一个非常有趣的自动化测试工具， 支持Node.js、Python、C# 和 Java语言，在这里我将向大家介绍playwright以及它的简单使用

一、playwright是什么？

Playwright是一个是由微软开发的强大的Python第三方库，它可以仅用一个API即可自动执行Chromium（谷歌）、Firefox（火狐）等浏览器自动化操作，并同时支持以无头模式、有头模式运行。

二、使用步骤

1.引入库

tips：可以使用国内镜像源安装，会快一点

安装playwright库

pip install playwright

安装浏览器驱动文件（安装过程稍微有点慢）

python -m playwright install

2.脚本录制

使用codegen命令，以下命令查看所有用法

python -m playwright codegen --help 

使用该命令开始录制

python -m playwright codegen 

然后我们就可以在弹出的浏览器中进行操作了，playwright会记录我们的一系列操作并生成对应的代码，结束后自动关闭浏览器，保存生成的自动化脚本到py文件。

from playwright.sync_api import Playwright, sync_playwright, expect


def run(playwright: Playwright) -> None:
    browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
    page.locator("#kw").click()
    page.locator("#kw").fill("playwright")
    page.get_by_role("button", name="百度一下").click()

    # ---------------------
    context.close()
    browser.close()


with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)

三、一个小demo

以下代码演示爬取豆瓣一周口碑榜前十的电影信息，用到了xlwt

import xlwt
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

def run(playwright):
    #headless=False，设置为有头模式
    browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
    context = browser.new_context()
    page = context.new_page()
    page.goto("https://movie.douban.com/")
    names = page.query_selector_all("//div[@class='billboard-bd']//td[@class='title']/a")
    listMovie = []
    for name in names :
        content = name.text_content()
        link = name.get_attribute("href")
        listMovie.append((content,link))
    #使用xlwt存入excel
    workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
    worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1')
    worksheet.write(0, 0, label="名字")
    worksheet.write(0, 1, label="网址")
    for i, items in enumerate(listMovie):
        worksheet.write(i + 1, 0, items[0])
        worksheet.write(i + 1, 1, items[1])
    workbook.save('DouBanMovie.xls')
    page.close()
    context.close()
    browser.close()
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
    run(playwright)
    

结果如下：

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总结

playwright是一个可玩性很高的python库，大家可以深入尝试
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