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深入理解Docker：从安装到容器管理

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已于 2023-04-23 21:49:52 修改 · 508 阅读

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#docker #linux #容器

于 2023-04-10 13:21:08 首次发布

本文详细介绍了Docker的安装过程，包括验证安装、配置加速器、启动及解决启动问题。深入探讨了Docker容器的生命周期，如何启动、管理及删除镜像和容器。通过实例展示了如何使用Dockerfile构建自定义的nginx镜像，并运行web服务器。此外，还讨论了Ubuntu系统的本质，以及Docker镜像的原理和管理技巧。

##安装Docker

sudo apt install curl
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common gnupg lsb-release
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

验证docker 安装是否成功

sudo docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.10.4
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v2.17.2
    Path:     /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 23.0.2
 Storage Driver: vfs
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: systemd
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 2806fc1057397dbaeefbea0e4e17bddfbd388f38
 runc version: v1.1.5-0-gf19387a
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: builtin
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 5.10.110
 Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: aarch64
 CPUs: 8
 Total Memory: 7.489GiB
 Name: NanoPi-R6S
 ID: 4357134e-d836-48a2-acf5-69dafd4617f9
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

编写daemon.json，用于加速器

sudo touch /etc/docker/daemon.json
sudo chmod 777 /etc/docker/daemon.json 
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
   
   
                "registry-mirrors":
                        ["https://8xpk5wnt.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}

用命令修改daemon.json的仓库地址

pi@NanoPi-R6S:~$ curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
docker version >= 1.12
[sudo] password for pi: 
{
   
   
                "registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"]
}
Success.
You need to restart docker to take effect: sudo systemctl restart docker.service
pi@NanoPi-R6S:~$ systemctl restart docker

启动dockers

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl restart docker
ps -ef|grep dockerd
docker ps
docker images
docker version

docker启动报错：Job for docker. service failed because the control process exited with error code

mv etc/docker/daemon.json etc/docker/daemon.conf
systemctl restart docker

查看到下列信息，表明docker正确启动了

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