本文介绍了如何使用Qt Creator创建用户界面(UI)，并展示了如何通过信号和槽函数实现文件操作、图像处理功能，包括添加噪声、腐蚀、膨胀、开运算和闭运算。重点展示了open_buttonclicked、add_noise_btn_clicked等槽函数的实现。
1、Qt Creator创建UI
将UI转换为py脚本的方法如上文所示
2、添加信号和槽函数
# 绑定槽函数
self.open_btn.clicked.connect(self.open_buttonclicked)
self.add_noise_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_noise_btn_clicked)
self.erode_btn.clicked.connect(self.erode_btn_clicked)
self.dilate_btn.clicked.connect(self.dilate_btn_clicked)
self.openning_btn.clicked.connect(self.openning_btn_clicked)
self.closing_btn.clicked.connect(self.closing_btn_clicked)
定义槽函数
# 打开文件按钮的槽函数
def open_buttonclicked(self):
fileName, fileType = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "选取文件", os.getcwd(),"All Files(*);;Text Files(*.txt)")
# print("fileName: ",fileName)
# print("fileType: ",fileType)
save_fpath=self.scaleImg(fileName)
if save_fpath is not None:
print("文件已存在：{}".format(save_fpath))
self.ori_path=save_fpath
pix = QPixmap(save_fpath)
self.ori_lb.setPixmap(pix)
# 添加噪声按钮的槽函数
def add_noise_btn_clicked(self):
try:
img=cv2.imread(self.ori_path)
print("img", len(img))
noise_img=self.salt_and_pepper_noise(img)
print("noise_img", len(img))
dir = os.path.dirname(self.ori_path)
fname = self.ori_path.split('/')[-1]
noise_fname='/noise_'+fname
noise_fpath=dir+noise_fname
self.noise_fpath=noise_fpath
if os.path.exists(noise_fpath):
# 读入噪声图
pix = QPixmap(self.noise_fpath)
self.noise_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(noise_fpath, noise_img)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
# 腐蚀按钮的槽函数
def erode_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始腐蚀操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(lbimg, kernel, iterations=1)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.erode_fpath=dir+'/erode_'+fname
if os.path.exists(self.erode_fpath):
pix = QPixmap(self.erode_fpath)
self.erode_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.erode_fpath, erosion)
# 膨胀按钮的槽函数
def dilate_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始膨胀操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.dilate(lbimg, kernel, iterations=1)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.dilate_path=dir+'/dilate_'+fname
if os.path.exists(self.dilate_path):
pix = QPixmap(self.dilate_path)
self.dilate_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.dilate_path, erosion)
# 开运算按钮的槽函数
def openning_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始开运算操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(lbimg, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, 3)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.openning_path=dir+'/openning_'+fname
if os.path.exists(self.openning_path):
pix = QPixmap(self.openning_path)
self.openning_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.openning_path, opening)
# 闭运算按钮的槽函数
def closing_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始闭运算操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(lbimg, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.closing_path = dir + '/closing_' + fname
if os.path.exists(self.closing_path):
pix = QPixmap(self.closing_path)
self.closing_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.closing_path, closing)
完整代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'dialog2.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.4
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QApplication,QLabel,QFileDialog,QPushButton,QHBoxLayout,QLineEdit)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap,QImage
import os
import cv2
import sys
import random
import numpy as np
class Ui_Dialog(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.ori_path=''
self.noise_fpath=''
self.erode_fpath=''
self.dilate_path=''
self.openning_path=''
self.closing_path=''
def setupUi(self, Dialog):
Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
Dialog.resize(932, 545)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 90, 281, 181))
self.horizontalLayoutWidget.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget")
self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
self.ori_lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.horizontalLayoutWidget)
self.ori_lb.setObjectName("ori_lb")
self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.ori_lb)
self.open_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
self.open_btn.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 60, 93, 28))
self.open_btn.setObjectName("open_btn")
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_2 = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(330, 90, 281, 181))
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget_2")
self.horizontalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_2)
self.horizontalLayout_2.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.horizontalLayout_2.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_2")
self.erode_lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_2)
self.erode_lb.setObjectName("erode_lb")
self.horizontalLayout_2.addWidget(self.erode_lb)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_3 = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(330, 310, 281, 181))
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget_3")
self.horizontalLayout_3 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_3)
self.horizontalLayout_3.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.horizontalLayout_3.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_3")
self.openning_lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_3)
self.openning_lb.setObjectName("openning_lb")
self.horizontalLayout_3.addWidget(self.openning_lb)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_4 = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(640, 310, 281, 181))
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_4.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget_4")
self.horizontalLayout_4 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_4)
self.horizontalLayout_4.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.horizontalLayout_4.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_4")
self.closing_lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_4)
self.closing_lb.setObjectName("closing_lb")
self.horizontalLayout_4.addWidget(self.closing_lb)
self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 70, 72, 15))
self.label.setObjectName("label")
self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.label_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(330, 70, 72, 15))
self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_5 = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(640, 90, 281, 181))
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_5.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget_5")
self.horizontalLayout_5 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_5)
self.horizontalLayout_5.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.horizontalLayout_5.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_5")
self.dilate_lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_5)
self.dilate_lb.setObjectName("dilate_lb")
self.horizontalLayout_5.addWidget(self.dilate_lb)
self.label_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.label_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(640, 70, 72, 15))
self.label_3.setObjectName("label_3")
self.label_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.label_4.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(330, 290, 72, 15))
self.label_4.setObjectName("label_4")
self.label_5 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.label_5.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(640, 290, 72, 15))
self.label_5.setObjectName("label_5")
self.label_6 = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)
self.label_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 290, 72, 15))
self.label_6.setObjectName("label_6")
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_6 = QtWidgets.QWidget(Dialog)
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_6.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 310, 281, 181))
self.horizontalLayoutWidget_6.setObjectName("horizontalLayoutWidget_6")
self.horizontalLayout_6 = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_6)
self.horizontalLayout_6.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
self.horizontalLayout_6.setObjectName("horizontalLayout_6")
self.noise_lb = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.horizontalLayoutWidget_6)
self.noise_lb.setObjectName("noise_lb")
self.horizontalLayout_6.addWidget(self.noise_lb)
self.add_noise_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
self.add_noise_btn.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(200, 280, 93, 28))
self.add_noise_btn.setObjectName("add_noise_btn")
self.erode_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
self.erode_btn.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(510, 60, 93, 28))
self.erode_btn.setObjectName("erode_btn")
self.dilate_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
self.dilate_btn.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(820, 60, 93, 28))
self.dilate_btn.setObjectName("dilate_btn")
self.openning_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
self.openning_btn.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(510, 280, 93, 28))
self.openning_btn.setObjectName("openning_btn")
self.closing_btn = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)
self.closing_btn.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(820, 280, 93, 28))
self.closing_btn.setObjectName("closing_btn")
self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)
# 绑定槽函数
self.open_btn.clicked.connect(self.open_buttonclicked)
self.add_noise_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_noise_btn_clicked)
self.erode_btn.clicked.connect(self.erode_btn_clicked)
self.dilate_btn.clicked.connect(self.dilate_btn_clicked)
self.openning_btn.clicked.connect(self.openning_btn_clicked)
self.closing_btn.clicked.connect(self.closing_btn_clicked)
def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))
self.ori_lb.setText(_translate("Dialog", "原图"))
self.open_btn.setText(_translate("Dialog", "打开文件"))
self.erode_lb.setText(_translate("Dialog", "腐蚀图"))
self.openning_lb.setText(_translate("Dialog", "开运算结果"))
self.closing_lb.setText(_translate("Dialog", "闭运算结果"))
self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "原图："))
self.label_2.setText(_translate("Dialog", "腐蚀："))
self.dilate_lb.setText(_translate("Dialog", "膨胀图"))
self.label_3.setText(_translate("Dialog", "膨胀："))
self.label_4.setText(_translate("Dialog", "开运算："))
self.label_5.setText(_translate("Dialog", "闭运算："))
self.label_6.setText(_translate("Dialog", "加椒盐噪声："))
self.noise_lb.setText(_translate("Dialog", "噪声图"))
self.add_noise_btn.setText(_translate("Dialog", "加噪声"))
self.erode_btn.setText(_translate("Dialog", "腐蚀"))
self.dilate_btn.setText(_translate("Dialog", "膨胀"))
self.openning_btn.setText(_translate("Dialog", "开运算"))
self.closing_btn.setText(_translate("Dialog", "闭运算"))
# 打开文件按钮的槽函数
def open_buttonclicked(self):
fileName, fileType = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "选取文件", os.getcwd(),"All Files(*);;Text Files(*.txt)")
# print("fileName: ",fileName)
# print("fileType: ",fileType)
save_fpath=self.scaleImg(fileName)
if save_fpath is not None:
print("文件已存在：{}".format(save_fpath))
self.ori_path=save_fpath
pix = QPixmap(save_fpath)
self.ori_lb.setPixmap(pix)
# 把图像放缩到合适大小
def scaleImg(self,fpath):
dir = os.path.dirname(fpath)
fname = fpath.split('/')[-1]
save_fpath=dir+'/cvt_'+fname
if os.path.exists(save_fpath):
return save_fpath
img=cv2.imread(fpath)
img_test2 = cv2.resize(img, (300, 200),interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
cv2.imwrite(save_fpath,img_test2)
return save_fpath
# 添加噪声按钮的槽函数
def add_noise_btn_clicked(self):
try:
img=cv2.imread(self.ori_path)
print("img", len(img))
noise_img=self.salt_and_pepper_noise(img)
print("noise_img", len(img))
dir = os.path.dirname(self.ori_path)
fname = self.ori_path.split('/')[-1]
noise_fname='/noise_'+fname
noise_fpath=dir+noise_fname
self.noise_fpath=noise_fpath
if os.path.exists(noise_fpath):
# 读入噪声图
pix = QPixmap(self.noise_fpath)
self.noise_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(noise_fpath, noise_img)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
# 加入椒盐噪声
def salt_and_pepper_noise(self,img, proportion=0.01):
# 在加上self之前，传入的实参是numpy.ndarray类型，但进来后形参就变成Ui_Dialog类型了，然后就报错
noise_img = img
height, width = noise_img.shape[0], noise_img.shape[1]
num = int(height * width * proportion) # 多少个像素点添加椒盐噪声
for i in range(num):
w = random.randint(0, width - 1)
h = random.randint(0, height - 1)
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
noise_img[h, w] = 0
else:
noise_img[h, w] = 255
return noise_img
# 腐蚀按钮的槽函数
def erode_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始腐蚀操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(lbimg, kernel, iterations=1)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.erode_fpath=dir+'/erode_'+fname
if os.path.exists(self.erode_fpath):
pix = QPixmap(self.erode_fpath)
self.erode_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.erode_fpath, erosion)
# 膨胀按钮的槽函数
def dilate_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始膨胀操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.dilate(lbimg, kernel, iterations=1)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.dilate_path=dir+'/dilate_'+fname
if os.path.exists(self.dilate_path):
pix = QPixmap(self.dilate_path)
self.dilate_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.dilate_path, erosion)
# 开运算按钮的槽函数
def openning_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始开运算操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(lbimg, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel, 3)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.openning_path=dir+'/openning_'+fname
if os.path.exists(self.openning_path):
pix = QPixmap(self.openning_path)
self.openning_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.openning_path, opening)
# 闭运算按钮的槽函数
def closing_btn_clicked(self):
img = cv2.imread(self.noise_fpath, 0)
# 转为二值图
ret1, th1 = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
# 中值滤波
lbimg = cv2.medianBlur(th1, 3)
# 开始闭运算操作
kernel = np.ones((3, 3), np.uint8)
closing = cv2.morphologyEx(lbimg, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
dir = os.path.dirname(self.noise_fpath)
fname = self.noise_fpath.split('/')[-1]
self.closing_path = dir + '/closing_' + fname
if os.path.exists(self.closing_path):
pix = QPixmap(self.closing_path)
self.closing_lb.setPixmap(pix)
else:
cv2.imwrite(self.closing_path, closing)
def main():
"""
主函数，用于运行程序
:return: None
"""
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
ui = Ui_Dialog()
ui.setupUi(dialog)
dialog.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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