postfix Install the appropriate db*-devel package first.

作者在尝试使用sudo apt-get build-dep postfix时遇到权限问题,通过谷歌搜索找到了解决方法,即使用sudo apt-get install postfix。文章详细介绍了问题背景、解决方案及操作步骤。

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百度了好久好久,也找不到解决我问题的办法。。
最后通过谷歌终于找到解决方法:sudo apt-get build-dep postfix

Transaction check error: file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/README from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1251.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-common-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 file /etc/my.cnf from install of MariaDB-common-10.5.26-1.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-community-server-5.7.18-1.el5.x86_64 错误概要 -------------
最新发布
06-07
<think>我们面临的问题有两个关键点:1.MariaDB-common10.5.26和mysql-community-common5.7.18之间的文件冲突。2.libmysqlclient.so.18依赖缺失。根据引用[3]和[5],文件冲突通常是因为系统中同时存在MariaDB和MySQL的包,而它们提供了相同的文件(例如:/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml等)。同时,引用[1][2][3]表明postfix等软件包依赖于libmysqlclient.so.18,而这个库通常由mariadb-libs或mysql-community-libs提供。解决方案的核心思路:1.移除导致冲突的包(可能是旧版本的mariadb-libs或mysql-community-libs),然后安装一个统一提供所需依赖的包。2.确保安装的库能够提供libmysqlclient.so.18。由于引用[5]提到在CentOS7上安装MySQL5.7时遇到与mariadb-libs的冲突,并成功解决,我们可以参考类似方法。步骤如下:步骤1:移除现有的冲突包首先,我们需要移除系统中已经存在的mariadb-libs和mysql-community-libs(或相关的冲突包):```bashsudoyumremovemariadb-libsmysql-community-libs```注意:移除mariadb-libs可能会影响postfix等依赖它的软件。因此,我们需要在移除后立即安装一个替代的库来提供所需的依赖。步骤2:安装MySQL官方的共享库根据引用[5],我们可以通过安装mysql-community-common和mysql-community-libs来提供所需的文件。这些包可以从MySQL官方YUM仓库或本地RPM包安装。如果还没有配置MySQL官方YUM仓库,请先配置(参考:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/)然后安装:```bashsudoyuminstallmysql-community-commonmysql-community-libs```步骤3:验证libmysqlclient.so.18是否存在安装完成后,检查动态库:```bashldconfig-p|greplibmysqlclient.so.18```如果输出中包含libmysqlclient.so.18,则表明已经成功安装。步骤4:重新安装受影响的软件包(如postfix)由于我们移除了mariadb-libs,可能会导致postfix等软件被移除(如引用[3]所示)。现在我们需要重新安装它们:```bashsudoyuminstallpostfix```步骤5:处理RPM数据库警告如果在安装过程中出现类似引用[4]中的警告(Warning:RPMDBalteredoutsideofyum.),我们可以尝试重建RPM数据库:```bashsudorpm--rebuilddb```如果问题仍然存在,可以尝试:```bashsudoyumcleanallsudoyumupdate```步骤6:如果上述步骤失败(例如,安装mysql-community-libs后仍然没有libmysqlclient.so.18),则可以考虑安装MariaDB的共享库由于一些系统软件(如postfix)可能对MariaDB的兼容性更好,我们也可以选择使用MariaDB的库:```bashsudoyumremovemysql-community-libssudoyuminstallmariadb-libs```但要注意,这样可能会再次引起与mysql-community-common的冲突。因此,我们需要确保整个系统统一使用MariaDB或MySQL的库,避免混合安装。总结:优先尝试安装MySQL官方库,如果不行再换用MariaDB的库。同时保持整个数据库客户端库的一致性。以下是一个详细的步骤指南:方案A(推荐使用MySQL官方库):1.移除冲突的包:`sudoyumremovemariadb-libs`2.安装MySQL官方仓库(如果未安装)3.安装mysql-community-libs:`sudoyuminstallmysql-community-libs`4.安装postfix:`sudoyuminstallpostfix`方案B(使用MariaDB库):1.移除mysql-community相关的包:`sudoyumremovemysql-community-commonmysql-community-libs`2.安装mariadb-libs:`sudoyuminstallmariadb-libs`3.确保postfix已安装:`sudoyuminstallpostfix`注意:方案B中,mysql-community-common可能会被自动移除(因为冲突),如果系统中需要同时安装MySQL和MariaDB的库,则可能需要寻找其他方法(如使用容器或虚拟环境)来隔离。由于引用[5]中提到,在移除mariadb-libs后成功安装了MySQL,因此我们优先推荐方案A。但是,请根据实际需求选择。如果方案A在安装mysql-community-libs时提示需要依赖mysql-community-common,则同时安装这两个包:```bashsudoyuminstallmysql-community-commonmysql-community-libs```最后,运行`yumcheck`来验证是否有包依赖问题:```bashsudoyumcheck```如果输出为“没有找到已标记的包”,则表明问题已解决。如果仍有问题,请提供具体的错误信息以进一步分析。相关问题:1.如何配置MySQL的官方YUM仓库?2.在CentOS7中,如何解决多个软件包之间的文件冲突?3.如何检查RPM包的依赖关系?4.在移除mariadb-libs后,如何修复被同时移除的系统包(如postfix)?5.如何确定系统中安装的MySQL或MariaDB的库版本?请根据实际遇到的问题选择具体的方案。</think> ### 解决 MariaDB 和 MySQL 文件冲突及依赖缺失问题 您面临两个核心问题: 1. **文件冲突**:MariaDB-common 10.5.26 与 mysql-community-common 5.7.18 的文件冲突 2. **依赖缺失**postfix 等软件包缺少 `libmysqlclient.so.18` 以下是逐步解决方案: --- ### 🛠 1. **彻底移除冲突包(关键步骤)** ```bash sudo yum remove mariadb\* mysql-community\* -y sudo rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs 2>/dev/null sudo rm -rf /var/lib/mysql sudo rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql ``` 此操作清除所有冲突包残余,避免后续安装时出现文件重叠[^5]。 --- ### 📦 2. **选择性安装 MySQL 社区版共享库** 安装提供 `libmysqlclient.so.18` 的兼容库: ```bash sudo yum install \ https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm \ mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7 -y ``` 验证安装: ```bash rpm -ql mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7 | grep libmysqlclient.so.18 ldconfig -p | grep libmysqlclient.so.18 # 应返回库路径 ``` --- ### 🔧 3. **解决 RPM 数据库警告** 处理 `Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum` 错误: ```bash sudo rpm --rebuilddb # 重建 RPM 数据库 sudo yum clean all sudo yum makecache fast ``` --- ### ⚙️ 4. **重新安装所需软件包** ```bash sudo yum reinstall postfix -y sudo yum install perl-DBD-MySQL -y # 解决引用[4]的兼容问题 ``` --- ### ✔️ 5. **最终验证** ```bash yum check # 应无错误 rpm -q postfix # 确认版本 ldd /usr/sbin/postfix | grep libmysqlclient # 检查依赖解析 ``` --- ### 备选方案:统一使用 MariaDB 如果必须保留 MariaDB: ```bash # 步骤1后执行 sudo yum install MariaDB-shared -y # 提供 libmysqlclient.so.18[^3] sudo alternatives --set libmysqlclient.so.18 \ /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18.0.0 sudo yum reinstall postfix -y ``` --- ### 关键注意事项 1. **混合安装风险**:MySQL 和 MariaDB 客户端库**不能共存**,必须选择其一[^5] 2. **库文件路径**:`libmysqlclient.so.18` 标准路径: - MySQL:`/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18` - MariaDB:`/usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.18` 3. **版本兼容**:MySQL 5.7 库兼容 MariaDB 10.2+ 的软件 > 📌 **故障点总结**:错误通常源于同时安装 `mariadb-libs` 和 `mysql-community-libs` 导致文件冲突,解决核心是**彻底清除后统一安装**单一数据库栈。 --- ###
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