cocos2dx 3.x lua开发指引

最新推荐文章于 2016-12-07 17:08:00 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2016-12-07 17:08:00 发布 · 2.6k 阅读

文章标签：

#cocos2dx-lua #bind

本文详细介绍了如何在Cocos2d-x v3.x中通过Lua与C++进行交互，包括创建和调用C++类、函数、枚举和全局函数，内存管理，以及Lua回调函数的使用。

LUA

version: Cocos2d-x v3.3 and higher

Call custom c++ from Lua

Cocos2d-x lua binds c++ classes, class functions, enums and some global functions to lua by using the bindings-generator (tools/bindings-generator) and by manual bindings. This allows you to call custom c++ from lua conveniently.

Call the class member function

Open lua-empty-test/src/hello.lua and you will see many function calls like cc.***. They are actually calling the class member functions. This is the initGLView function:


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local function initGLView()
    local director = cc.Director:getInstance()
    local glView = director:getOpenGLView()
    if nil == glView then
        glView = cc.GLViewImpl:create("Lua Empty Test")
        director:setOpenGLView(glView)
    end

    director:setOpenGLView(glView)

    glView:setDesignResolutionSize(480, 320, cc.ResolutionPolicy.NO_BORDER)

    director:setDisplayStats(true)

    director:setAnimationInterval(1.0 / 60)
end

The relationship between lua function call and the c++ function call as follow:

Lua	C++
cc.Director:getInstance()	cocos2d::Director::getInstance()
director:getOpenGLView()	director->getOpenGLView
cc.GLViewImpl:create("Lua Empty Test")	cocos2d::GLViewImpl::create("Lua Empty Test")
glView:setDesignResolutionSize(480, 320, cc.ResolutionPolicy.NO_BORDER)	glview->glView:setDesignResolutionSize(480, 320, ResolutionPolicy::NO_BORDER)

From this table, we can see that the functions called in lua are very similar with the functions called in c++. These are some key points that we need to pay attention to:

cc is a module name like namespace name in c++,it is cocos2d-x 3.0 new features. The relation between lua modules and c++ namespaces is as follow:

Lua module name	c++ namespace
cc	cocos2d, cocos2d::extension, CocosDenshion, cocosbuilder
ccui	cocos2d::ui
ccs	cocostudio, cocostudio::timeline
sp	spine
ccexp	cocos2d::experimental, cocos2d::experimental::ui

static and non-static c++ functions are called in lua using :
cc.ResolutionPolicy.NO_BORDER corresponds to ResolutionPolicy::NO_BORDER which is enum value in the c++. enum values are bound to lua by manual.

Different modules use different lua files to keep the bindings value:

moudle name	const value files
cc	Cocos2dConstants.lua, ExtensionConstants.lua, NetworkConstants.lua
ccui	GuiConstants.lua
ccs	StudioConstants.lua
ccexp	experimentalUIConstants.lua

For some functions, their parameters include cocos2d::Vec2, cocos2d::Vec3 we should do a conversion to call c++ function.For example:


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void Node::setPosition(const Vec2& position)

In c++, we should call this function like this:


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nodeObj->setPosition(Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f))

In lua, we should call the function like this:


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nodeObj:setPosition(cc.p(0.0, 0.0))

cc.p(0.0, 0.0) is to construct an anonymous table like this {x = 0, y =0}

The other parametric types that should be converted are:

parametric types	lua conversional format
cocos2d::Point	{x = numValue, y = numValue}
cocos2d::Vec3	{x = numValue, y = numValue, z = numValue}
cocos2d::Vec4	{x = numValue, y = numValue, z = numValue, w = numValue}
cocos2d::Rect	{x = numValue, y = numValue, width = numValue, height = numValue}
cocos2d::Size	{width = numValue, height = numValue}
cocos2d::Color4B	{r = numValue, g = numValue, b = numValue, a = numValue}
cocos2d::Color4F	{r = numValue, g = numValue, b = numValue, a = numValue}
cocos2d::Color3B	{r = numValue, g = numValue, b = numValue}
cocos2d::PhysicsMaterial	{density = numValue, restitution = numValue, friction = numValue}
cocos2d::AffineTransform	{a = numValue, b = numValue, c = numValue, d = numValue, tx = numValue, ty = numValue}
cocos2d::FontDefinition	{fontName = stringValue, fontSize = numValue, fontAlignmentH = numValue, fontAlignmentV = numValue, fontFillColor = {r = numValue, g = numValue, b = numValue}, fontDimensions = {width = numValue, height = numValue}, shadowEnabled = boolValue[,shadowOffset = {width = numValue, height = numValue}, shadowBlur = numValue, shadowOpacity = numValue], strokeEnabled = boolValue[,strokeColor = {r = numValue, g = numValue, b = numValue}, strokeSize = numValue]}
cocos2d::Vector	{objValue1,objValue2,...,objValuen,...}
cocos2d::Map<std::string, T>	{key1 = objValue1, key2 = objValue2,..., keyn = objValuen,...}
cocos2d::Value	{objValue1,objValue2,...,objValuen,...} or key1 = objValue1, key2 = objValue2,..., keyn = objValuen,...} or stringValue or boolValue or numValue
cocos2d::ValueMap	{key1 = Value1, key2 = Value2,..., keyn = Valuen,...}
cocos2d::ValueMapIntKey	{numKey1 = Value1, intKey2 = Value2, ...,intKeyn = Valuen,...}
cocos2d::ValueVector	{Value1, Value2, ..., Valuen, ...}
std::vector<string>	{stringValue1, stringValue2, ..., stringValuen, ...}
std::vector<int>	{numValue1, numValue2, ..., numValuen, ...}
std::vector<float>	{numValue1, numValue2, ..., numValuen, ...}
std::vector<unsigned short>	{numValue1, numValue2, ..., numValuen, ...}
cocos2d::Mat4	{numValue1,numValue2,..., numValue16}
cocos2d::TTFConfig	{fontFilePath = stringValue, fontSize = numValue, glyphs = numValue, customGlyphs = stringValue, distanceFieldEnabled = boolValue, outlineSize = numValue}
cocos2d::MeshVertexAttrib	{size = numValue, type = numValue, vertexAttrib = numValue, vertexAttrib =numValue}
cocos2d::BlendFunc	{ src = numValue, dst = numValue}

Call global functions

cocos2d-x v3 also binds some global functions to lua manually, such as kmGLPushMatrix,kmGLTranslatef and kmGLLoadMatrix. We can call these global functions in lua as follows:


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kmGLPopMatrix()

Call OpenGL functions

cocos2d-x v3 binds some OpenGL functions to lua. All the OpenGL functions are in the gl module and can be called as follows:


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local glNode  = gl.glNodeCreate()
glNode:setContentSize(cc.size(256, 256))
glNode:setAnchorPoint(cc.p(0.5, 0.5))
uniformCenter = gl.getUniformLocation(program,"center")
uniformResolution  = gl.getUniformLocation( program, "resolution")

You can refer to lua-tests/DrawPrimitiveTest and lua-tests/OpenGLTest for more information.

Bind a c++ class to lua by bindings-generator automatically

Since cocos2d-x v3.0, there is a tools called bindings-generator to bind c++ class to lua automatically.

The bindings-generator is based on tolua++. There is an ini file in the tools/tolua directory and then run the genbindings.py script to generate the binding code.

Create a custom class

Consider this code:


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// CustomClass.h

#ifndef __CUSTOM__CLASS

#define __CUSTOM__CLASS

#include "cocos2d.h"

namespace cocos2d {
class CustomClass : public cocos2d::Ref
{
public:

    CustomClass();

    ~CustomClass();

    static cocos2d::CustomClass* create();

    bool init();

    CREATE_FUNC(CustomClass);
};
} //namespace cocos2d

#endif // __CUSTOM__CLASS

Note:

the cpp file was omitted because the bindings-generator only scan the header files
The custom class should be inherited from the Ref class, this is mainly due to the destructor ofRef calling removeScriptObjectByObject to reduce the reference count of userdata which gets created in the c++ automatically to avoid memory leak.

Add a new cocos2dx_custom.ini file

In tools/lua folder create a new file named cocos2dx_custom.ini as:


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[cocos2dx_custom]

# the prefix to be added to the generated functions. You might or might
not use this in your own

# templates

prefix = cocos2dx_custom

# create a target namespace (in javascript, this would create some code
like the equiv. to `ns = ns

# all classes will be embedded in that namespace

target_namespace = cc

android_headers =  -I%(androidndkdir)s/platforms/android-14/arch-arm/usr/include -I%(androidndkdir)s/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.7/libs/armeabi-v7a/include -I%(androidndkdir)s/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.7/include -I%(androidndkdir)s/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.8/libs/armeabi-v7a/include -I%(androidndkdir)s/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.8/include

android_flags = -D_SIZE_T_DEFINED_

clang_headers = -I%(clangllvmdir)s/lib/clang/3.3/include

clang_flags = -nostdinc -x c++ -std=c++11 -U __SSE__

cocos_headers = -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos -I%(cocosdir)s/my -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/2d -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/base -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/ui -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/physics -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/2d/platform -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/2d/platform/android -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/math/kazmath -I%(cocosdir)s/extensions -I%(cocosdir)s/external -I%(cocosdir)s/cocos/editor-support -I%(cocosdir)s

cocos_flags = -DANDROID -DCOCOS2D_JAVASCRIPT

cxxgenerator_headers =

# extra arguments for clang

extra_arguments =  %(android_headers)s %(clang_headers)s %(cxxgenerator_headers)s %(cocos_headers)s %(android_flags)s %(clang_flags)s %(cocos_flags)s %(extra_flags)s

# what headers to parse

headers = %(cocosdir)s/cocos/my/CustomClass.h

# what classes to produce code for. You can use regular expressions here.
# When testing the regular expression, it will be enclosed in "^$", like
# this: "^Menu*$".

classes = CustomClass.*

# what should we skip? in the format ClassName::[function function]
# ClassName is a regular expression, but will be used like this:
# "^ClassName$" functions are also regular expressions, they will not be
# surrounded by "^$". If you want to skip a whole class, just add a single
# "*" as functions. See bellow for several examples. A special class name
# is "*", which will apply to all class names. This is a convenience
# wildcard to be able to skip similar named functions from all classes.

skip =

rename_functions =

rename_classes =

# for all class names, should we remove something when registering in the
# target VM?

remove_prefix =

# classes for which there will be no "parent" lookup

classes_have_no_parents =

# base classes which will be skipped when their sub-classes found them.

base_classes_to_skip =

# classes that create no constructor

# Set is special and we will use a hand-written constructor

abstract_classes =

# Determining whether to use script object(js object) to control the
# lifecycle of native(cpp) object or the other way around. Supported
# values are 'yes' or 'no'.

script_control_cpp = no

All of the config files under tools/tolua use the same format. Here is a list which you should consult when writing your own ini file:

[title]: To config the title which will by used by the tools/tolua/gengindings.py scripts. Generally, the title could be the file name.
prefix: To config the prefix of a function name, generally, we also use the file name as the prefix.
target_namespace: To config the module name in lua. Here we use the cc as the module name, when you want to use CustomClass in lua, you must put a prefix named cc in front of the name. For example, the CustomClass could be reference as cc.CustomClass.
headers: To config all the header files needed for parsing and the %(cocosdir)s is the engine root path of cocos2d-x.
classes: To config all the classes needed to bind. Here it supports regular expression. So we could set MyCustomClass.* here. For looking more specified usage, you could ref totools/tolua/cocos2dx.ini.
skip: To config the functions needed to be omit. Now the bindings-generator can't parse void*type and also the delegate type, so these types needed to be bind manually. And at this circumstance, you should omit all these types first and then to bind them manually. You could ref to the config files under path cocos/scripting/lua-bindings/auto .
rename_functions: To config the functions need to be renamed in the scripting layer. Due to some reasons, developers want more scripting friendly API, so the config option is for this purpose.
rename_classes: Not used any more.
remove_prefix: Not used any more.
classes_have_no_parents: To config the parent class needed to be filter. This option is seldom modified.
abstract_classes: To config the classes whose public constructor don't need to be exported.
script_control_cpp:yes. To config whether the scripting layer manage the object life time or not. If no, then the c++ layer cares about their life time. Now, it is imperfect to control native object's life time in scripting layer. So you could simply leave it to no.

Subclassing

Sometimes we want to add some new functions to extend the bindings, think inheritance in c++. Through class(classname, super) function in the cocos/scripting/lua-bindings/script/cocos2d/extern.lua, we can realize this requirement easily. The details function are as follow:


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function class(classname, super)
    local superType = type(super)
    local cls

    if superType ~= "function" and superType ~= "table" then
        superType = nil
        super = nil
    end

    if superType == "function" or (super and super.__ctype == 1) then
        -- inherited from native C++ Object
        cls = {}

        if superType == "table" then
            -- copy fields from super
            for k,v in pairs(super) do cls[k] = v end
            cls.__create = super.__create
            cls.super    = super
        else
            cls.__create = super
        end

        cls.ctor    = function() end
        cls.__cname = classname
        cls.__ctype = 1

        function cls.new(...)
            local instance = cls.__create(...)
            -- copy fields from class to native object
            for k,v in pairs(cls) do instance[k] = v end
            instance.class = cls
            instance:ctor(...)
            return instance
        end

    else
        -- inherited from Lua Object
        if super then
            cls = clone(super)
            cls.super = super
        else
            cls = {ctor = function() end}
        end

        cls.__cname = classname
        cls.__ctype = 2 -- lua
        cls.__index = cls

        function cls.new(...)
            local instance = setmetatable({}, cls)
            instance.class = cls
            instance:ctor(...)
            return instance
        end
    end

    return cls
end

Through this function, we can see inheritance easily. Example, if we want to derive from cc.Node:

Define a subclass by class function


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local SubNode = class("SubNode",function()
    return cc.Node:create()
end

--This function like the construtor of c++ class
function SubNode:ctor()
    -- do initialized
end

function SubNode:addSprite(filePath)
    local sprite = cc.Sprite:create(filePath)
    sprite:setPosition(cc.p(0, 0))
    self:addChild(sprite)
end

Create a object of subclass and use it:


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local node = SubNode.new()
node:addSprite( "xxx.jpg" )

Note: new is implemented by default in the class function. Since the type of the second parameter is function, when we call new, this is what happens:


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function SubNode.new(...)
    local instance = cc.Node:create()
    -- copy fields from SubNode to native object
    for k,v in pairs(SubNode) do instance[k] = v end
    instance.class = SubNode
    instance:ctor(...)
    return instance
end

The object created by new have all the properties and behaviors of the cc.Node object. It also has the properties of the SubNode as it is derived from cc.Node:


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function SubNode:setPostion(x,y)
    print(string.format("x = %0.2f, y = %0.2f"), x, y)
end

If we still need to call the function of the same name of super class:


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getmetatable(SubNode):setPosition(x, y)

The override functions of inherited class in lua can't be called in the c++.

Memory Management

Cocos2d-x v3.x uses the memory management and garbage collection of lua itself except the release of userdata. If the corresponding classes are derived from Ref the release of userdata is managed in c++ by the register table named
toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping and tolua_value_root.

Simple Test Case

Create a Sprite in the head of createDog function


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local testSprite = cc.Sprite:create("res/land.png")

Then call the Sprite in the tick function as follow:


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testSprite:getPosition()

After a period of time, we will see the error message as follows:

cocos2d: [LUA-print] stack traceback:
[string "src/hello.lua"]:13: in function <[string "src/hello.lua"]:10>
[C]: in function 'getPosition'
[string "src/hello.lua"]:98: in function <[string "src/hello.lua"]:88>
cocos2d: [LUA-print] ----------------------------------------
cocos2d: [LUA-print] ----------------------------------------
cocos2d: [LUA-print] LUA ERROR: [string "src/hello.lua"]:98: invalid 'self' in function 'tolua_cocos2d_Node_getPosition'

This error is triggered because the testsprite didn't add any other node as a child after creation. The corresponding c++ object was released at the end of the frame.

Memory Management for Class Object

The Class Members of Ref Class for Memory Management

In CCRef.h we see the usage of CC_ENABLE_SCRIPT_BINDING:


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#if CC_ENABLE_SCRIPT_BINDING
public:
    /// object id, ScriptSupport need public _ID
    unsigned int        _ID;
    /// Lua reference id
    int                 _luaID;
    /// scriptObject, support for swift
    void* _scriptObject;
#endif

Notice _ID and _luaID, are very important when you push a Ref object to lua by callingtoluafix_pushusertype_ccobject to store a key-value table named toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping in the registry. The _ID is key and the related c++ object pointer is value. The related code fragment in the toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject is:


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//Extract from `toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject` in the tolua_fix.cpp
lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_PTR_MAPPING);
lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);                           /* stack: refid_ptr */
lua_pushinteger(L, refid);                                  /* stack: refid_ptr refid */
lua_pushlightuserdata(L, vPtr);                             /* stack: refid_ptr refid ptr */

lua_rawset(L, -3);                                          /* refid_ptr[refid] = ptr, stack: refid_ptr */
lua_pop(L, 1);                                              /* stack: - */

Notes:

TOLUA_REFID_PTR_MAPPING is macro definition represent for "toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping"
LUA_REGISTRYINDEX is definition of Pseudo-Index for registry of Lua
refid is value of _ID
vPtr is value of related c++ object pointer

Create a Ref object from Lua

Call the cocos2d::Sprite::create("res/land.png") by lua bindings to create a Sprite object and push it into lua stack:


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//Extract from `lua_cocos2dx_Sprite_create` in lua_cocos2dx_auto.cpp
std::string arg0;
ok &= luaval_to_std_string(tolua_S, 2,&arg0, "cc.Sprite:create");
if (!ok) { break; }
cocos2d::Sprite* ret = cocos2d::Sprite::create(arg0);
object_to_luaval<cocos2d::Sprite>(tolua_S, "cc.Sprite",(cocos2d::Sprite*)ret);
return 1;

Call toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject when push created object to lua stack


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//Extract from `object_to_luaval` in luaBasicConversions.h
if (std::is_base_of<cocos2d::Ref, T>::value)
{
    // use c style cast, T may not polymorphic
    cocos2d::Ref* dynObject = (cocos2d::Ref*)(ret);
    int ID = (int)(dynObject->_ID) ;
    int* luaID = &(dynObject->_luaID);
    toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject(L,ID, luaID, (void*)ret,type);
}

In the toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject , we will use two tables named "toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping" and "toluafix_refid_type_mapping" in lua's registry to store the two key-value pairs about _ID-object pointer and _ID-object type name.The details are as follow:


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//Extract from `toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject` in the tolua_fix.cpp
if (*p_refid == 0)
{
    *p_refid = refid;

    lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_PTR_MAPPING);
    lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: refid_ptr */
        lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: refid_ptr refid */
        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, vPtr); /* stack: refid_ptr refid ptr */

        lua_rawset(L, -3); /* refid_ptr[refid] = ptr, stack: refid_ptr */
        lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: - */

        lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_TYPE_MAPPING);
        lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);  /* stack: refid_type */
        lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: refid_type refid */
        lua_pushstring(L, vType); /* stack: refid_type refid type */
        lua_rawset(L, -3); /* refid_type[refid] = type, stack: refid_type */
        lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: - */

        //printf("[LUA] push CCObject OK - refid: %d, ptr: %x, type: %s\n",
        //*p_refid, (int)ptr, type);
}

Call tolua_pushusertype_internal to determine whether to create a new userdata, or just update the userdata.


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void tolua_pushusertype_internal (lua_State* L, void* value, const char* type, int addToRoot)
{
    if (value == NULL)
        lua_pushnil(L);
    else
    {
        luaL_getmetatable(L, type); /* stack: mt */
        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* NOT FOUND metatable */
            lua_pop(L, 1);
            return;
        }
        lua_pushstring(L,"tolua_ubox");
        lua_rawget(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox */
        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
            lua_pop(L, 1);
            lua_pushstring(L, "tolua_ubox");
            lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
        };

        lua_pushlightuserdata(L,value); /* stack: mt ubox key<value> */
        lua_rawget(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox ubox[value] */

        if (lua_isnil(L,-1))
        {
            lua_pop(L,1); /* stack: mt ubox */
            lua_pushlightuserdata(L,value);
            *(void**)lua_newuserdata(L,sizeof(void *)) = value; /* stack: mt ubox value newud */
            lua_pushvalue(L,-1); /* stack: mt ubox value newud newud */
            lua_insert(L,-4); /* stack: mt newud ubox value newud */
            lua_rawset(L,-3); /* ubox[value] = newud, stack: mt newud ubox */
            lua_pop(L,1); /* stack: mt newud */
            /*luaL_getmetatable(L,type);*/
            lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* stack: mt newud mt */
            lua_setmetatable(L,-2); /* update mt, stack: mt newud */

#ifdef LUA_VERSION_NUM
            lua_pushvalue(L, TOLUA_NOPEER); /* stack: mt newud peer */
            lua_setfenv(L, -2); /* stack: mt newud */
#endif
        }
        else
        {
            /* check the need of updating the metatable to a more specialized class */
            lua_insert(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox[u] ubox */
            lua_pop(L,1); /* stack: mt ubox[u] */
            lua_pushstring(L,"tolua_super");
            lua_rawget(L,LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super */
            lua_getmetatable(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super mt */
            lua_rawget(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super super[mt] */
            if (lua_istable(L,-1))
            {
                lua_pushstring(L,type); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super super[mt] type */
                lua_rawget(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super super[mt] flag */
                if (lua_toboolean(L,-1) == 1) /* if true */
                {
                    lua_pop(L,3); /* mt ubox[u]*/
                    lua_remove(L, -2);
                    return;
                }
            }
            /* type represents a more specilized type */
            /*luaL_getmetatable(L,type);// stack: mt ubox[u] super super[mt] flag mt */
            lua_pushvalue(L, -5); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super super[mt] flag mt */
            lua_setmetatable(L,-5); /* stack: mt ubox[u] super super[mt] flag */
            lua_pop(L,3); /* stack: mt ubox[u] */
        }
        lua_remove(L, -2);    /* stack: ubox[u]*/

        if (0 != addToRoot)
        {
            lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
            tolua_add_value_to_root(L, value);
        }
    }
}

We use a table named ubox to store key-value pairs about userdata and object pointer. This table would be used in the destruction of the object.

Call tolua_add_value_to_root to add a reference count for userdata in lua by thetolua_value_root table in lua registry. The mechanism will make the object in lua wouldn't collected by lua gc. Example: lua local node = cc.Node:create() node.extendValue = 10000 nodeParent:addChild(node, 0 , 9999) This code creates a node object and extends the attributes of the node object dynamically by lua's feature. When we want to get this node and its extended attribute somewhere, we can do as follows: lua local child = lnodeParent:getChildByTag(9999) print(child.extendValue)

If we don't call the tolua_add_value_to_root, the result of print(child.extendValue) would be uncertain. Sometimes the result would be 10000 and sometimes it would be nil. This is because we wouldn't control lua's automatic gc effectively. When lua gc thinks there are no other references for this userdata it will collect this userdata. When we call getChildByTag to get a node object, it would create a new userdata and the extended attributes would disapper. We add a reference count for the userdata tolua_value_root table in lua registry in the c++ to avoid generating this error.

The Release of the Userdata

When calling the desturctor of Ref, it will trigger the release of the userdata.

In the destructor of Ref, we can see:


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#if CC_ENABLE_SCRIPT_BINDING
    // if the object is referenced by Lua engine, remove it
    if (_luaID)
    {
        ScriptEngineManager::getInstance()->getScriptEngine()->removeScriptObjectByObject(this);
    }
    ...
#endif

After we push a c++ object to lua, the related _luaID would be not 0. We now can callremoveScriptObjectByObject

The removeScriptObjectByObject called would trigger the call oftoluafix_remove_ccobject_by_refid, and this function would call some lua c APIs to operate the table like toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping, toluafix_refid_type_mapping and tolua_value_roottable in the registry.

The specific implementation of toluafix_remove_ccobject_by_refid is as follows:


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TOLUA_API int toluafix_remove_ccobject_by_refid(lua_State* L, int refid)
{
    void* ptr = NULL;
    const char* type = NULL;
    void** ud = NULL;
    if (refid == 0) return -1;

    // get ptr from tolua_refid_ptr_mapping
    lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_PTR_MAPPING);
    lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: refid_ptr */
    lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: refid_ptr refid */
    lua_rawget(L, -2); /* stack: refid_ptr ptr */
    ptr = lua_touserdata(L, -1);
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: refid_ptr */
    if (ptr == NULL)
    {
        lua_pop(L, 1);
        // Lua stack has closed, C++ object not in Lua.
        // printf("[LUA ERROR] remove CCObject with NULL ptr, refid: %d\n", refid);
        return -2;
    }

    // remove ptr from tolua_refid_ptr_mapping
    lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: refid_ptr refid */
    lua_pushnil(L); /* stack: refid_ptr refid nil */
    lua_rawset(L, -3); /* delete refid_ptr[refid], stack: refid_ptr */
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: - */


    // get type from tolua_refid_type_mapping
    lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_TYPE_MAPPING);
    lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: refid_type */
    lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: refid_type refid */
    lua_rawget(L, -2); /* stack: refid_type type */
    if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
    {
        lua_pop(L, 2);
        printf("[LUA ERROR] remove CCObject with NULL type, refid: %d, ptr: %p\n", refid, ptr);
        return -1;
    }

    type = lua_tostring(L, -1);
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: refid_type */

    // remove type from tolua_refid_type_mapping
    lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: refid_type refid */
    lua_pushnil(L); /* stack: refid_type refid nil */
    lua_rawset(L, -3); /* delete refid_type[refid], stack: refid_type */
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: - */

    // get ubox
    luaL_getmetatable(L, type); /* stack: mt */
    lua_pushstring(L, "tolua_ubox"); /* stack: mt key */
    lua_rawget(L, -2); /* stack: mt ubox */
    if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
    {
        // use global ubox
        lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: mt */
        lua_pushstring(L, "tolua_ubox"); /* stack: mt key */
        lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: mt ubox */
    };


    // cleanup root
    tolua_remove_value_from_root(L, ptr);

    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, ptr); /* stack: mt ubox ptr */
    lua_rawget(L,-2); /* stack: mt ubox ud */
    if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
    {
        // Lua object has released (GC), C++ object not in ubox.
        //printf("[LUA ERROR] remove CCObject with NULL ubox, refid: %d, ptr: %x, type: %s\n", refid, (int)ptr, type);
        lua_pop(L, 3);
        return -3;
    }

    // cleanup peertable
    lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
    lua_setfenv(L, -2);

    ud = (void**)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: mt ubox */
    if (ud == NULL)
    {
        printf("[LUA ERROR] remove CCObject with NULL userdata, refid: %d, ptr: %p, type: %s\n", refid, ptr, type);
        lua_pop(L, 2);
        return -1;
    }

    // clean userdata
    *ud = NULL;

    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, ptr); /* stack: mt ubox ptr */
    lua_pushnil(L); /* stack: mt ubox ptr nil */
    lua_rawset(L, -3); /* ubox[ptr] = nil, stack: mt ubox */

    lua_pop(L, 2);
    //printf("[LUA] remove CCObject, refid: %d, ptr: %x, type: %s\n", refid, (int)ptr, type);
    return 0;
}

The steps are as follows:

Get related object pointer stored in the toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping table by the value of_luaID. Store it.
Remove reference relationship of the object pointer from toluafix_refid_ptr_mapping table by_luID
Get related type name stored in the tolua_refid_type_mapping table by the value of_luaID,then store it
Remove reference relationship of type name from tolua_refid_type_mapping table by _luID
Get the related metatable by the type name
Get the ubox table
Remove reference relationship of userdata from tolua_value_root table by the object pointer got in the upper step
Clean userdata and remove reference relationship of uesrdata from ubox by the object pointer got in the upper step.Note:To destroy a object cited by lua, we only called '*ud = NULL;'

Through the above steps,the refernce relationships in thetoluafix_refid_ptr_mapping、tolua_refid_type_mapping and tolua_refid_type_mapping table in the registry would be removed, release the userdata which is created when push c++ object to lua stack, and when lua gc trigger, the related object would be collected if there is no other place refer
to it.

Memory Management for Lua Callback Function

Cocos2dx have been used toluafix_refid_function_mapping table in the registry to manage the gc of lua callback function

Add a reference for Lua Callback Function

When we define a lua function which would be called throuch c++ codes, we whould store the pointer of this function in the toluafix_refid_function_mapping table by calling toluafix_ref_functionfunction in the tolua_fix.cpp.Cocos2d-x bound
a series of functions like registerScriptHandler and addEventListener to finish this work.

Let's use registerScriptHandler of Node as a sample,we could use it as follows in lua:


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local function onNodeEvent(event)
    if "enter" == event then
        --do something
    end
end

nodeObject:registerScriptHandler(onNodeEvent)

The related bindings function is named tolua_cocos2d_Node_registerScriptHandler in thelua_cocos2dx_manual.cpp,the most important sections are as follows:


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LUA_FUNCTION handler = toluafix_ref_function(tolua_S,2,0);
ScriptHandlerMgr::getInstance()->addObjectHandler((void*)self, handler, ScriptHandlerMgr::HandlerType::NODE);

toluafix_ref_function is implemented to store the related function pointer intotoluafix_refid_function_mapping table in the registry with a static variable nameds_function_ref_id.This operation makes lua function avoid being collected by lua gc because that toluafix_refid_function_mapping table have a reference of this function. The details are as follow:


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TOLUA_API int toluafix_ref_function(lua_State* L, int lo, int def)
{
    // function at lo
    if (!lua_isfunction(L, lo)) return 0;

    s_function_ref_id++;

    lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_FUNCTION_MAPPING);
    lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: fun ... refid_fun */
    lua_pushinteger(L, s_function_ref_id); /* stack: fun ... refid_fun refid */
    lua_pushvalue(L, lo); /* stack: fun ... refid_fun refid fun */

    lua_rawset(L, -3); /* refid_fun[refid] = fun, stack: fun ... refid_ptr */
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: fun ... */

    return s_function_ref_id;
}

addObjectHandler is used to stored the map of object pointer and pair of s_function_ref_idand handler type.

Remove a reference for Lua Callback Function

If lua callback function become useless, we should remove the reference in thetoluafix_refid_function_mapping table in the registry. Cocos2d-x provided thetoluafix_remove_function_by_refid function to realize it. This function could be called byremoveScriptHandler of LuaStack、removeScriptHandler of LuaEngine or directly. The details are as follows:


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TOLUA_API void toluafix_remove_function_by_refid(lua_State* L, int refid)
{
    lua_pushstring(L, TOLUA_REFID_FUNCTION_MAPPING);
    lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* stack: ... refid_fun */
    lua_pushinteger(L, refid); /* stack: ... refid_fun refid */
    lua_pushnil(L); /* stack: ... refid_fun refid nil */
    lua_rawset(L, -3); /* refid_fun[refid] = nil, stack: ... refid_fun */
    lua_pop(L, 1); /* stack: ... */

}

Note:

refid is the corresponding value of s_function_ref_id.
For Ref object,we would call ScriptHandlerMgr::getInstance()->removeObjectAllHandlers to remove all the reference function relationship which added by theScriptHandlerMgr::getInstance()->addObjectHandler automatically
Because Cocos2d-x v3.x support the features of c++ 11, we can call the related remove function through the lambda function. For example:


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//Extract from `lua_cocos2dx_TextureCache_addImageAsync` in lua_cocos2dx_manual.cpp
LUA_FUNCTION handler = (  toluafix_ref_function(tolua_S, 3, 0));

self->addImageAsync(configFilePath, [=](Texture2D* tex){
    int ID = (tex) ? (int)tex->_ID : -1;
    int* luaID = (tex) ? &tex->_luaID : nullptr;
    toluafix_pushusertype_ccobject(tolua_S, ID, luaID, (void*)tex, "cc.Texture2D");
    LuaEngine::getInstance()->getLuaStack()->executeFunctionByHandler(handler,1);
    LuaEngine::getInstance()->removeScriptHandler(handler);
});

By the mechanism of the lambda, we could get the value of handler which represents the corresponding value of s_function_ref_id. When we finish calling lua callback function,we could call LuaEngine::getInstance()->removeScriptHandler(handler) directly to remove the reference of lua callback function.