在一台linux机器上启动多个redis实例:学习redis的master-slave功能

本文介绍如何在一台Linux机器上启动多个Redis实例以实现主从复制。通过复制并修改redis.conf文件,确保不同实例间数据隔离。从Redis 2.6开始,从服务器默认为只读模式,防止误写。Redis 2.8引入了部分重同步功能,提升数据安全性。此外,主服务器可根据min-slaves-to-write和min-slaves-max-lag设置决定是否执行写操作。

linux机器上安装redis是非常容易的,这里不做介绍了。因为要学习主从复制功能,而我手上又只有一台机器,所以就需要在一台机器上启动多个redis实例。我们需要将默认的redis.conf文件复制一份,然后修改一下对应的设置就可以了,保证多个redis实例不出现共享数据就可以了。

#拷贝一份新的配置文件
>cp redis.conf redis6001.conf

#vi修改对应的配置项
>vi redis6001.conf

#主要修改下面3个配置项就可以了
pidfile : /var/run/redis_6380.pid
port 6001
rdbfile : dump6001.rdb


然后我们就可以redis-server指定新的配置文件,这样就可以启动一个新的redis实例。
redis-server redis6001.conf


如何配置一个从服务器是非常简单的,比如我们在6001和6002端口启动2个redis实例,想让6001作为master,6002作为slave,那么我们只需要在redis6002.conf中配置如下:
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6001





以下是我的mysql的yaml文件代码,请你根据这个写出Redis的yaml文件: # 创建命名空间 apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: mysql-server --- # 主库PV - 部署到k8smaster apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: mysql-master-pv labels: app: mysql role: master spec: capacity: storage: 10Gi volumeMode: Filesystem accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain local: path: /root/mysql_k8s/mysql-master nodeAffinity: required: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/hostname operator: In values: - k8smaster --- # 从库1 PV - 部署到k8snode1 apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: mysql-slave1-pv labels: app: mysql role: slave spec: capacity: storage: 10Gi volumeMode: Filesystem accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain local: path: /root/mysql_k8s/mysql-slave1 nodeAffinity: required: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/hostname operator: In values: - k8snode1 --- # 从库2 PV - 部署到k8snode2 apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: mysql-slave2-pv labels: app: mysql role: slave spec: capacity: storage: 10Gi volumeMode: Filesystem accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain local: path: /root/mysql_k8s/mysql-slave2 nodeAffinity: required: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/hostname operator: In values: - k8snode2 --- # 主库PVC apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-master-pvc namespace: mysql-server spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce resources: requests: storage: 10Gi selector: matchLabels: app: mysql role: master --- # 从库1 PVC apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-slave1-pvc namespace: mysql-server spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce resources: requests: storage: 10Gi selector: matchLabels: app: mysql role: slave --- # 从库2 PVC apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-slave2-pvc namespace: mysql-server spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce resources: requests: storage: 10Gi selector: matchLabels: app: mysql role: slave --- # 配置文件 apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: mysql-config namespace: mysql-server data: my_master.conf: |- [mysqld] server_id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-do-db=test binlog_format=ROW expire_logs_days=7 max_binlog_size=100M symbolic-links=0 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES my_slave1.conf: |- [mysqld] server_id=2 relay-log=relay-bin log-bin=mysql-slave1-bin read_only=1 log_slave_updates=1 slave-skip-errors=1032,1062,1007,1050 symbolic-links=0 my_slave2.conf: |- [mysqld] server_id=3 relay-log=relay-bin log-bin=mysql-slave2-bin read_only=1 log_slave_updates=1 slave-skip-errors=1032,1062,1007,1050 symbolic-links=0 --- # 主库Service apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: mysql-master namespace: mysql-server spec: selector: app: mysql mysql: master ports: - port: 3306 targetPort: 3306 clusterIP: None --- # 从库Service apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: mysql-slaves namespace: mysql-server spec: selector: app: mysql mysql: slave ports: - port: 3306 targetPort: 3306 clusterIP: None --- # 主库Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: mysql-master namespace: mysql-server spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: mysql mysql: master template: metadata: labels: app: mysql mysql: master spec: tolerations: - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master" operator: "Exists" effect: "NoSchedule" nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/hostname: k8smaster containers: - name: mysql-master image: mysql:5.7 ports: - containerPort: 3306 name: mysql-port env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD value: root - name: MYSQL_DATABASE value: test # 主库自动创建test数据库 volumeMounts: - name: mysql-master-storage mountPath: /var/lib/mysql - name: mysql-config mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf subPath: my.cnf livenessProbe: exec: command: ["mysqladmin", "ping", "-uroot", "-proot"] initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 readinessProbe: exec: command: ["mysqladmin", "ping", "-uroot", "-proot"] initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 5 volumes: - name: mysql-master-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: mysql-master-pvc - name: mysql-config configMap: name: mysql-config items: - key: my_master.conf path: my.cnf --- # 从库1 Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: mysql-slave1 namespace: mysql-server spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: mysql mysql: slave slave-id: "1" template: metadata: labels: app: mysql mysql: slave slave-id: "1" spec: nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/hostname: k8snode1 containers: - name: mysql-slave1 image: mysql:5.7 ports: - containerPort: 3306 name: mysql-port env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD value: root - name: MASTER_HOST value: mysql-master - name: MASTER_USER value: repl - name: MASTER_PASSWORD value: replpass volumeMounts: - name: mysql-slave-storage mountPath: /var/lib/mysql - name: mysql-slave-config mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf subPath: my.cnf - name: init-scripts mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d livenessProbe: exec: command: ["mysqladmin", "ping", "-uroot", "-proot"] initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 readinessProbe: exec: command: ["mysqladmin", "ping", "-uroot", "-proot"] initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 5 volumes: - name: mysql-slave-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: mysql-slave1-pvc - name: mysql-slave-config configMap: name: mysql-config items: - key: my_slave1.conf path: my.cnf - name: init-scripts configMap: name: slave-init-scripts --- # 从库2 Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: mysql-slave2 namespace: mysql-server spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: mysql mysql: slave slave-id: "2" template: metadata: labels: app: mysql mysql: slave slave-id: "2" spec: nodeSelector: kubernetes.io/hostname: k8snode2 containers: - name: mysql-slave2 image: mysql:5.7 ports: - containerPort: 3306 name: mysql-port env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD value: root - name: MASTER_HOST value: mysql-master - name: MASTER_USER value: repl - name: MASTER_PASSWORD value: replpass volumeMounts: - name: mysql-slave-storage mountPath: /var/lib/mysql - name: mysql-slave-config mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf subPath: my.cnf - name: init-scripts mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d livenessProbe: exec: command: ["mysqladmin", "ping", "-uroot", "-proot"] initialDelaySeconds: 30 periodSeconds: 10 readinessProbe: exec: command: ["mysqladmin", "ping", "-uroot", "-proot"] initialDelaySeconds: 5 periodSeconds: 5 volumes: - name: mysql-slave-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: mysql-slave2-pvc - name: mysql-slave-config configMap: name: mysql-config items: - key: my_slave2.conf path: my.cnf - name: init-scripts configMap: name: slave-init-scripts --- # 从库初始化脚本(已包含创建test数据库的步骤) apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: slave-init-scripts namespace: mysql-server data: init-slave.sh: |- #!/bin/bash set -e # 等待主库就绪 until mysql -h$MASTER_HOST -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "SELECT 1"; do echo "等待主库就绪..." sleep 5 done # 关键步骤:在从库创建test数据库,与主库保持一致 mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS test;" # 在主库创建复制用户 mysql -h$MASTER_HOST -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS '$MASTER_USER'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '$MASTER_PASSWORD'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO '$MASTER_USER'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;" # 获取主库日志位置 MASTER_STATUS=$(mysql -h$MASTER_HOST -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "SHOW MASTER STATUS\G" | grep -E 'File|Position') MASTER_LOG_FILE=$(echo "$MASTER_STATUS" | grep File | awk '{print $2}') MASTER_LOG_POS=$(echo "$MASTER_STATUS" | grep Position | awk '{print $2}') # 配置从库复制 mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='$MASTER_HOST', MASTER_USER='$MASTER_USER', MASTER_PASSWORD='$MASTER_PASSWORD', MASTER_LOG_FILE='$MASTER_LOG_FILE', MASTER_LOG_POS=$MASTER_LOG_POS; START SLAVE;" # 检查复制状态 mysql -uroot -p$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD -e "SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G"
10-15
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