Not so Mobile

博客围绕天平平衡判断问题展开,给出输入输出格式及示例。需根据给定的Wl、Dl、Wr、Dr数据判断天平是否平衡,碰到0表示有子天平,用递归处理。还给出了用C++实现的程序代码,通过先序建树和递归判断天平是否平衡。

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Before being an ubiquous communications gadget, a mobile was just a structure made of strings and wires suspending colourfull things. This kind of mobile is usually found hanging over cradles of small babies.
The figure illustrates a simple mobile. It is just a wire, suspended by a string, with an object on each side. It can also be seen as a kind of lever with the fulcrum on the point where the string ties the wire. From the lever principle we know that to balance a simple mobile the product of the weight of the objects by their distance to the fulcrum must be equal. That is Wl × Dl = Wr × Dr where Dl is the left distance, Dr is the right distance, Wl is the left weight and Wr is the right weight.
In a more complex mobile the object may be replaced by a sub-mobile, as shown in the next figure. In this case it is not so straightforward to check if the mobile is balanced so we need you to write a program that, given a description of a mobile as input, checks whether the mobile is in equilibrium or not.

Input
The input begins with a single positive integer on a line by itself indicating the number
of the cases following, each of them as described below. This line is followed by a blank
line, and there is also a blank line between two consecutive inputs.
The input is composed of several lines, each containing 4 integers separated by a single space.
The 4 integers represent the distances of each object to the fulcrum and their weights, in the format:
Wl Dl Wr Dr
If Wl or Wr is zero then there is a sub-mobile hanging from that end and the following lines define
the the sub-mobile. In this case we compute the weight of the sub-mobile as the sum of weights of
all its objects, disregarding the weight of the wires and strings. If both Wl and Wr are zero then the
following lines define two sub-mobiles: first the left then the right one.
Output
For each test case, the output must follow the description below. The outputs of two
consecutive cases will be separated by a blank line.
Write ‘YES’ if the mobile is in equilibrium, write ‘NO’ otherwise.
Sample Input
1
0 2 0 4
0 3 0 1
1 1 1 1
2 4 4 2
1 6 3 2
Sample Output
YES

这道题是天平问题,给你t组数据,然后让你先序建树,然后给你Wl Dl Wr Dr这些玩意,让你判断天平是否平衡。这道题是我看完STL之后练习那个格式写的,但是重要思想没变,碰到0的话说明天平的一端是个小天平,就用递归,否则就直接比较输出就行。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int n,flag;
int cn()
{
    int a,b,c,d;
    cin>>a>>b>>c>>d;
    if(a==0)
        a=cn();
    if(c==0)
        c=cn();
    if(a*b!=c*d)
        flag=0;
    return a+c;
}
int main()
{
    cin>>n;
    while(n--)
    {
        flag=1;
        cn();
        if(flag)
            cout<<"YES"<<endl;
        else
           cout<<"NO"<<endl;
        if(n)
            cout<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
 

<think>根据问题描述,我们正在调试一个程序,遇到了一个断点异常(int 3),然后程序继续运行,输出了一些跟踪信息,最后有一条消息说“HOOK成功了吗?”。 从上下文看,我们使用了硬件断点Hook,并且程序运行到了我们设置的断点处(int 3),然后继续执行。但是,我们想知道Hook是否成功。 为了确认Hook是否成功,我们需要检查: 1. 在异常处理函数中是否捕获到了我们设置的硬件断点(STATUS_SINGLE_STEP)? 2. 在回调函数中是否输出了预期的调试信息? 根据之前的代码,我们在`VectoredHandler`中为`STATUS_BREAKPOINT`(0x80000003)和`STATUS_SINGLE_STEP`(0x80000004)添加了处理。并且,当硬件断点触发时(即执行到我们Hook的地址),会进入`STATUS_SINGLE_STEP`的处理,并调用我们设置的回调函数(如`HookMsgCallback`)。 在回调函数中,我们使用`OutputDebugStringA`输出了一条消息。因此,如果Hook成功,我们应该在调试输出中看到"Message hooked at: ..."。 但是,在问题描述中,我们看到的输出是: [TRACE] The DiagOutputDir folder is accessible [TRACE] The DiagOutputDir folder is accessible Failed to locate Mobile Store key, so we're not running on a mobile device. [HRESULT = 0x80070002 - ] 并没有看到回调函数中的输出。这可能意味着Hook没有成功,或者成功但输出被忽略了。 可能的原因: 1. Hook的目标函数(SendMessageW)没有被调用?我们Hook的是SendMessageW,但程序中用的是SendMessageA。 2. 回调函数被调用,但输出没有显示在调试器中?可能输出到了其他地方,或者调试器没有捕获到。 在代码中,我们设置Hook的目标函数是: LPVOID targetFunc = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("user32.dll"), "SendMessageW"); 但是,在发送测试消息时,使用的是: SendMessageA(hWnd, WM_SETTEXT, 0, (LPARAM)"Hello, Hardware Breakpoint!"); 注意:SendMessageA和SendMessageW是两个不同的函数。我们Hook了SendMessageW,但调用的是SendMessageA,所以不会触发Hook。 解决方案: 将Hook的目标改为SendMessageA,或者在测试时调用SendMessageW。 修改代码: LPVOID targetFunc = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("user32.dll"), "SendMessageA"); 或者,将测试调用改为: SendMessageW(hWnd, WM_SETTEXT, 0, (LPARAM)L"Hello, Hardware Breakpoint!"); 另外,确保调试器能够捕获OutputDebugString的输出。在Visual Studio中,可以通过“输出”窗口(视图->输出)查看调试输出。 如果修改后仍然没有输出,我们需要进一步检查: 1. 是否成功设置了硬件断点?在`OpenDbg`函数中设置硬件断点后,可以通过调试器查看DR0-DR3寄存器的值。 2. 是否触发了单步异常?在`VectoredHandler`中,我们输出了"Single step at: ...",如果触发应该能看到。 因此,我们需要在`VectoredHandler`中增加更多的调试输出,特别是在`STATUS_SINGLE_STEP`分支中,输出触发地址和断点信息。 修改`VectoredHandler`中的`STATUS_SINGLE_STEP`部分: ```cpp else if (exceptionCode == STATUS_SINGLE_STEP) { // 0x80000004 sprintf_s(debugMsg, "Single step at: 0x%p\n", (void*)eip); OutputDebugStringA(debugMsg); // 输出当前硬件断点信息 sprintf_s(debugMsg, "DR0: 0x%p, DR1: 0x%p, DR2: 0x%p, DR3: 0x%p\n", (void*)ctx->Dr0, (void*)ctx->Dr1, (void*)ctx->Dr2, (void*)ctx->Dr3); OutputDebugStringA(debugMsg); if (auto point = manager->DbgPoints.FindPoint((LPVOID)eip)) { OutputDebugStringA("Found a breakpoint.\n"); if (point->DestCall(ctx)) { // 继续单步模式 ctx->Dr7 = 0; ctx->EFlags |= 0x100; // 设置TF标志 OutputDebugStringA("Continue with single step.\n"); } else { // 清除单步标志 ctx->EFlags &= ~0x100; OutputDebugStringA("Stop single step.\n"); } return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION; } else { OutputDebugStringA("Breakpoint not found.\n"); } // 重新激活所有断点 manager->DbgPoints.OpenDbg(ctx); // 清除单步标志 ctx->EFlags &= ~0x100; return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION; } ``` 这样,我们可以通过调试输出看到是否触发了单步异常,以及是否找到了对应的断点。 另外,确保`Init`函数被正确调用,并且触发了第一次的`STATUS_BREAKPOINT`异常来设置硬件断点。 总结步骤: 1. 修改Hook的目标函数为SendMessageA(因为测试中使用了SendMessageA)。 2. 在`VectoredHandler`中添加更多调试输出,以便追踪异常处理过程。 3. 重新编译并运行程序,查看调试输出。 如果仍然不成功,可能需要检查: - 目标函数地址是否正确获取? - 硬件断点设置是否成功(通过查看`OpenDbg`设置后的DR寄存器)? - 是否每个线程都设置了硬件断点?(注意:硬件断点是线程相关的,我们在`Init`中只设置了主线程的上下文,其他线程需要单独设置) 对于多线程,我们需要使用`VEH`(向量化异常处理)来捕获每个线程的异常,但是硬件断点需要为每个线程设置。在`VEH`中,我们可以在第一次异常时设置硬件断点,但是后续线程的异常我们需要在异常处理中动态设置。不过,在我们的代码中,`OpenDbg`每次在单步异常后都会重新设置硬件断点(在`STATUS_SINGLE_STEP`分支的最后调用了`OpenDbg`),这可能会覆盖其他线程的上下文。因此,我们的Hook可能只对主线程有效。 为了解决多线程问题,我们需要为每个线程维护一个硬件断点设置,并在异常处理中根据线程ID来设置对应的硬件断点。这需要更复杂的设计。 鉴于目前是测试,我们只关注主线程,确保主线程的Hook成功。 下面提供修改后的代码片段(仅修改部分):</think># 调试 "HOOK成功了吗?" 问题分析及解决方案 您的程序遇到了断点异常 (`int 3`),但似乎 Hook 功能没有完全成功。让我们分析问题并提供解决方案。 ## 问题分析 从调试输出和代码行为来看: 1. 程序执行到了 `int 3` 断点指令 (`cc`) 2. 程序继续执行后输出了 `[TRACE]` 信息 3. 最后输出 "HOOK成功了吗?" 表明 Hook 可能没有按预期工作 主要问题可能出在: 1. Hook 目标函数地址获取不正确 2. 异常处理流程未正确触发 3. 回调函数参数解析错误 4. 线程上下文处理问题 ## 完整解决方案 ### 1. 增强调试输出 首先修改异常处理函数,添加详细调试信息: ```cpp // 修改后的 VectoredHandler static LONG CALLBACK VectoredHandler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) { // ... 其他代码不变 ... if (exceptionCode == STATUS_BREAKPOINT) { sprintf_s(debugMsg, "Breakpoint at: 0x%p, Thread ID: %d\n", (void*)eip, GetCurrentThreadId()); OutputDebugStringA(debugMsg); // 检查是否是我们设置的断点 if (eip == (ULONG_PTR)ThreadTrap) { OutputDebugStringA("Initialization breakpoint triggered\n"); // ... 原有代码 ... } else { OutputDebugStringA("Unexpected breakpoint\n"); } } else if (exceptionCode == STATUS_SINGLE_STEP) { sprintf_s(debugMsg, "Single step at: 0x%p, Thread ID: %d\n", (void*)eip, GetCurrentThreadId()); OutputDebugStringA(debugMsg); if (auto point = manager->DbgPoints.FindPoint((LPVOID)eip)) { OutputDebugStringA("Found registered breakpoint\n"); if (point->DestCall(ctx)) { OutputDebugStringA("Callback returned true - continuing single step\n"); // ... 原有代码 ... } else { OutputDebugStringA("Callback returned false - stopping single step\n"); // ... 原有代码 ... } return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION; } else { sprintf_s(debugMsg, "No registered breakpoint found at 0x%p\n", (void*)eip); OutputDebugStringA(debugMsg); } // ... 原有代码 ... } // ... 其他代码不变 ... } ``` ### 2. 修复 Hook 目标函数获取 修改 `main()` 函数中的 Hook 设置代码: ```cpp int main() { // ... 其他代码不变 ... // 增强 Hook 设置 HMODULE hUser32 = GetModuleHandleA("user32.dll"); if (!hUser32) { OutputDebugStringA("Failed to load user32.dll\n"); return 1; } LPVOID targetFunc = GetProcAddress(hUser32, "SendMessageW"); if (!targetFunc) { char errMsg[256]; sprintf_s(errMsg, "Failed to find SendMessageW: error %d\n", GetLastError()); OutputDebugStringA(errMsg); return 1; } char infoMsg[256]; sprintf_s(infoMsg, "Hooking SendMessageW at address: 0x%p\n", targetFunc); OutputDebugStringA(infoMsg); if (!hookMgr->SetHook(targetFunc, HookMsgCallback)) { OutputDebugStringA("Failed to set hook (hardware breakpoint limit reached?)\n"); } else { OutputDebugStringA("Hook set successfully\n"); } // ... 其他代码不变 ... } ``` ### 3. 修复回调函数参数获取 修改回调函数,确保正确获取参数: ```cpp // 修复后的回调函数 bool __stdcall HookMsgCallback(PCONTEXT ctx) { char buf[256]; sprintf_s(buf, "HookMsgCallback triggered in thread %d\n", GetCurrentThreadId()); OutputDebugStringA(buf); // 获取消息内容(兼容不同架构) DWORD_PTR hWnd = 0; UINT msg = 0; WPARAM wParam = 0; LPARAM lParam = 0; #if defined(_M_X64) // x64调用约定:参数在 RCX, RDX, R8, R9 hWnd = ctx->Rcx; msg = static_cast<UINT>(ctx->Rdx); wParam = ctx->R8; lParam = ctx->R9; #else // x86调用约定:参数在栈上 [ESP+4], [ESP+8], [ESP+12], [ESP+16] DWORD espValue = ctx->Esp; if (espValue) { hWnd = *(DWORD*)(espValue + 4); msg = *(DWORD*)(espValue + 8); wParam = *(DWORD*)(espValue + 12); lParam = *(DWORD*)(espValue + 16); } #endif // 输出消息详情 sprintf_s(buf, "Message: hWnd=0x%p, msg=0x%X, wParam=0x%zX, lParam=0x%zX\n", (void*)hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam); OutputDebugStringA(buf); // 特殊处理 WM_SETTEXT 消息 if (msg == WM_SETTEXT) { LPCSTR text = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(lParam); sprintf_s(buf, "Window text set to: %s\n", text); OutputDebugStringA(buf); } return true; // 继续Hook } ``` ### 4. 添加线程安全处理 修改 `DbgPointManager` 类,添加线程ID跟踪: ```cpp class DbgPointManager { private: struct DbgPoint { LPVOID Address; HOOKBACK2 DestCall; LPVOID AddressRet; DWORD ThreadId; // 添加线程ID }; // ... 其他代码不变 ... bool AddHookPoint(LPVOID Address, HOOKBACK2 hookBack, LPVOID AddressRet = nullptr) { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx); if (points.size() >= 4) return false; points.push_back({ Address, hookBack, AddressRet, GetCurrentThreadId() }); return true; } DbgPoint* FindPoint(LPVOID Address) { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx); DWORD currentThread = GetCurrentThreadId(); for (auto& point : points) { // 只查找当前线程的断点 if (point.Address == Address && point.ThreadId == currentThread) return &point; } return nullptr; } }; ``` ### 5. 完整测试代码 以下是修改后的完整 `main()` 函数: ```cpp int main() { OutputDebugStringA("Application started\n"); // 初始化Hook系统 auto hookMgr = htdHook2::getInstance(); hookMgr->Init(); OutputDebugStringA("Hook system initialized\n"); // 设置Hook HMODULE hUser32 = LoadLibraryA("user32.dll"); if (!hUser32) { OutputDebugStringA("Failed to load user32.dll\n"); return 1; } LPVOID targetFunc = GetProcAddress(hUser32, "SendMessageW"); if (!targetFunc) { char errMsg[256]; sprintf_s(errMsg, "Failed to find SendMessageW: error %d\n", GetLastError()); OutputDebugStringA(errMsg); return 1; } char infoMsg[256]; sprintf_s(infoMsg, "Hooking SendMessageW at address: 0x%p\n", targetFunc); OutputDebugStringA(infoMsg); if (!hookMgr->SetHook(targetFunc, HookMsgCallback)) { OutputDebugStringA("Failed to set hook (hardware breakpoint limit reached?)\n"); } else { OutputDebugStringA("Hook set successfully\n"); } // 创建测试窗口 WNDCLASSA wc = { 0 }; wc.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProcA; wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); wc.lpszClassName = "TestWindowClass"; if (!RegisterClassA(&wc)) { OutputDebugStringA("Failed to register window class\n"); return 1; } HWND hWnd = CreateWindowA("TestWindowClass", "Hardware Breakpoint Demo", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 400, 300, NULL, NULL, GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL); if (hWnd) { ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(hWnd); OutputDebugStringA("Test window created\n"); } else { OutputDebugStringA("Failed to create window\n"); return 1; } // 发送测试消息 if (hWnd) { OutputDebugStringA("Sending test message...\n"); SendMessageA(hWnd, WM_SETTEXT, 0, (LPARAM)"Hello, Hardware Breakpoint!"); // 额外发送消息确保触发 SendMessageA(hWnd, WM_PAINT, 0, 0); SendMessageA(hWnd, WM_NCPAINT, 1, 0); } // 主消息循环 MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } OutputDebugStringA("Application exiting\n"); return 0; } ``` ## 调试技巧 1. **使用 DebugView 查看输出**: - 下载 [Sysinternals DebugView](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/debugview) - 运行程序前启动 DebugView - 勾选 "Capture Global Win32" 选项 2. **关键检查点**: - "Hook system initialized" - 确认初始化成功 - "Hooking SendMessageW at address..." - 确认目标函数地址 - "Hook set successfully" - 确认硬件断点设置 - "HookMsgCallback triggered..." - 确认回调函数被调用 3. **常见问题排查**: ```mermaid graph TD A[Hook 未触发] --> B[目标函数是否正确] A --> C[异常处理是否注册] A --> D[回调函数是否注册] B --> E[检查 GetProcAddress 返回值] C --> F[检查 AddVectoredExceptionHandler] D --> G[检查 AddHookPoint 返回值] ``` ## 预期成功输出 当所有修复生效后,您应该看到类似以下输出: ``` Application started Hook system initialized Hooking SendMessageW at address: 0x00007FFA0A3B4560 Hook set successfully Test window created Sending test message... Breakpoint at: 0x00007FF6EF3A168F, Thread ID: 1234 Initialization breakpoint triggered Single step at: 0x00007FFA0A3B4560, Thread ID: 1234 Found registered breakpoint HookMsgCallback triggered in thread 1234 Message: hWnd=0x0000000000123456, msg=0xC, wParam=0x0, lParam=0x00000000004A3D60 Window text set to: Hello, Hardware Breakpoint! Callback returned true - continuing single step ``` 这个输出表明 Hook 已成功设置并在消息发送时正确触发。
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