Android12中蓝牙权限适配

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-02 14:35:40 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-10-02 14:35:40 发布 · 8.6k 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#蓝牙权限 #Bluetooth #Android12 #maxSdkVersion #Broadcast

文章详细介绍了在Android12中针对蓝牙权限的更新，包括AndroidManifest.xml中的配置变化，如新增的BLUETOOTH_SCAN、BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE、BLUETOOTH_CONNECT权限。同时，文中提供了蓝牙状态监听的BroadcastReceiver实现，并展示了如何在代码中动态申请Android12的蓝牙权限。强调了在Android12中，不申请定位权限时需设置usesPermissionFlags为neverForLocation，否则可能无法搜索到设备。最后指出，无论在哪个Android版本，未开启蓝牙或缺少权限都将无法正常使用蓝牙功能。

AndroidManifest.xml

<!--maxSdkVersion=30适配到Android11 -->
<uses-permission
    android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"
    android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission
    android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"
    android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<!--Android12新增蓝牙权限 -->
<!-- Android 12在不申请定位权限时，必须加上android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation"，否则搜不到设备 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN"
        android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation"
        tools:targetApi="s" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

代码

//获取蓝牙适配器
public static BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = null;
    //蓝牙状态监听广播
    public class BlueToothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            switch (intent.getAction()) {
                case BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED:
                    int blueState = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE, 0);
                    switch (blueState) {
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
                            Log.e("onReceive", "---------蓝牙正在打开中");
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
                            Log.e("onReceive", "---------蓝牙已经打开");
                            mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
                            Log.e("onReceive", "---------蓝牙正在关闭中");
                            break;
                        case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
                            Log.e("onReceive", "---------蓝牙已经关闭");
                            break;
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    private IntentFilter makeFilter() {
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        return filter;
    }
    //Android12蓝牙权限申请
    private boolean bluePermission(){
    //compileSdkVersion项目中编译SDK版本大于30申请以下权限可使用
    //Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN、Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE、Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT
    //若小于30可以直接使用权限对应的字符串
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT>30){
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN")
                    != PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE")
                    != PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT")
                    != PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{
                                "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN",
                                "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE",
                                "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"}, 1);
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    private void openBlueTooth(){
        if (bluePermission())
            mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        else
            return;
        BlueToothReceiver btlr = new BlueToothReceiver();
        this.registerReceiver(btlr, makeFilter());
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {// 判断是否打开蓝牙
            showHandlerToast("请先开启蓝牙!");
            //弹出对话框提示用户是后打开
            Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            //startActivityForResult(intent, SEARCH_CODE);
            // 不做提示，强行打开
            mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
        }
    }

说明：

必须按照这两步申请蓝牙权限，首先在androidManifest.xml中配置蓝牙权限，Android11及以下android.permission.BLUETOOTH、android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN申请这两个，Android12中蓝牙权限进行新增android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN、android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE、android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT使用这三个；其次在代码中需要动态申请Android12的蓝牙权限，测试发现Android12中动态申请权限后则蓝牙直接开启，通过对蓝牙状态的监听获取蓝牙适配器：mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

注意：不管是Android12还是Android12以下不打开蓝牙都是无法获取蓝牙适配器：mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();打开蓝牙则可以获取到蓝牙适配器，但若没有申请蓝牙所需权限，蓝牙功能也是无法使用！！！二者缺一不可