rebuild controlfile

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本文介绍如何在Oracle数据库中备份和重建控制文件。通过SQL命令备份控制文件到跟踪文件，并从跟踪文件中获取重建控制文件所需的SQL脚本。文章详细展示了两种情况下的重建过程：当在线redo日志可用时使用NORESETLOGS选项打开数据库，以及在线redo日志丢失时使用RESETLOGS选项。

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1. 以sysdba登陆，导出控制文件

Sql代码

alter database backup controlfile to trace;

alter database backup controlfile to trace;

2. 在%oracle_base%/oradata/%oracle_sid%/udump下找到刚刚创建的trc文件，打开它。可以看到里面包含了两段sql脚本。

Sql代码

-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "EPCIT" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 454
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO01.LOG' SIZE 10M,
GROUP 2 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO02.LOG' SIZE 10M,
GROUP 3 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO03.LOG' SIZE 10M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUNDOTBS01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSAUX01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITBLOBS01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITINDEX01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUSERS01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITWCAUDIT01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET UTF8
;
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CHANNEL','DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 100 M');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 4
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('BACKUP OPTIMIZATION','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 5
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('DEVICE TYPE','DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 1');
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:/ORACLE/FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/EPCIT/ARCHIVELOG/2009_02_22/O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITTEMP01.DBF'
SIZE 209715200 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "EPCIT" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 454
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO01.LOG' SIZE 10M,
GROUP 2 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO02.LOG' SIZE 10M,
GROUP 3 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO03.LOG' SIZE 10M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSTEM01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUNDOTBS01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSAUX01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITBLOBS01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITINDEX01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUSERS01.DBF',
'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITWCAUDIT01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET UTF8
;
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CHANNEL','DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 100 M');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 4
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('BACKUP OPTIMIZATION','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 5
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('DEVICE TYPE','DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 1');
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:/ORACLE/FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/EPCIT/ARCHIVELOG/2009_02_22/O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITTEMP01.DBF'
SIZE 209715200 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.

-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "EPCIT" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 454
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO01.LOG'  SIZE 10M,
  GROUP 2 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO02.LOG'  SIZE 10M,
  GROUP 3 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO03.LOG'  SIZE 10M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSTEM01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUNDOTBS01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSAUX01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITBLOBS01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITINDEX01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUSERS01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITWCAUDIT01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET UTF8
;
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CHANNEL','DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 100 M');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 4
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('BACKUP OPTIMIZATION','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 5
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('DEVICE TYPE','DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 1');
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:/ORACLE/FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/EPCIT/ARCHIVELOG/2009_02_22/O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- All logs need archiving and a log switch is needed.
ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL;
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITTEMP01.DBF'
     SIZE 209715200  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "EPCIT" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 454
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO01.LOG'  SIZE 10M,
  GROUP 2 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO02.LOG'  SIZE 10M,
  GROUP 3 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITREDO03.LOG'  SIZE 10M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSTEM01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUNDOTBS01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITSYSAUX01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITBLOBS01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITINDEX01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITUSERS01.DBF',
  'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITWCAUDIT01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET UTF8
;
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 1
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CHANNEL','DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 100 M');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 3
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 4
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('BACKUP OPTIMIZATION','ON');
-- Configure RMAN configuration record 5
VARIABLE RECNO NUMBER;
EXECUTE :RECNO := SYS.DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE.SETCONFIG('DEVICE TYPE','DISK BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET PARALLELISM 1');
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE 'D:/ORACLE/FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/EPCIT/ARCHIVELOG/2009_02_22/O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC';
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE 'D:/PTC/OCU_8.0/ORADATA/EPCIT/EPCITTEMP01.DBF'
     SIZE 209715200  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;
-- End of tempfile additions.

第一段sql是在所有online redolog没有丢失，以noresetlogs选项打开数据库的情况下使用的。第二段则是在丢失了online redolog需要resetlogs的情况下使用。

3. 把"Set #1. NORESETLOGS case"下的sql拷贝出来，存为reCreateCtl.sql

4. 以sysdba登陆，shutdown immediate。然后删除所有控制文件。再运行reCreateCtl.sql。

Sql代码

SQL> @reCreateCtl
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes
Fixed Size 1248356 bytes
Variable Size 83887004 bytes
Database Buffers 159383552 bytes
Redo Buffers 7139328 bytes
Control file created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00264: no recovery required
System altered.
Database altered.
Tablespace altered.

SQL> @reCreateCtl
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  251658240 bytes
Fixed Size                  1248356 bytes
Variable Size              83887004 bytes
Database Buffers          159383552 bytes
Redo Buffers                7139328 bytes

Control file created.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-00264: no recovery required

System altered.
Database altered.
Tablespace altered.

5. 成功创建了控制文件，数据库也正常打开。再没有使用Recovery Catalog的情况下，RMAN的备份资料是存在控制文件中的，重建控制文件会导致丢失备份资料库。

from:http://logicgate.javaeye.com/blog/336705

http://www.itpub.net/thread-188958-1-1.html

http://www.eygle.com/faq/How.To.Backup.and.Recreate.Controlfile.htm