Patterns for Building and Deploying Microservices

最新推荐文章于 2025-08-09 19:56:49 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-08-09 19:56:49 发布 · 820 阅读

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#microservice #微服务 #架构

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本文探讨了微服务架构带来的操作复杂性及管理方法。通过分解大型应用为小型服务，并采用自动化部署与基础设施自动化等手段来简化流程。文章强调了业务与架构的一致性，以及单一职责原则的重要性。

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Managing microservices means looking afterlots of small systems talking to each other and automated provisioning as wellas infrastructure automation is crucial, James Lewis states when sharingtechniques and practices that have helped him manage the increased operationalcomplexity a microservice architecture gives.

James, a consultant working for ThoughtWorks,describes the origin of microservices as a reaction to how we have beenbuilding big monolithic applications that are difficult to change, test andmanage; essentially big balls of mud with tangled spaghetti code. The solutionbeing building smaller things and make them communicate in some way.

For James microservices means taking a largeapplication, identifying the bounded contexts and business capabilities withinand splitting them out, crucially taking data with them, i.e. applicationdatabases instead of one integration database. The key thing is starting at thetop with a context map in order to understand the business domain and Jamesrefers to his colleague Ian Cartwright:

There should be business and architecture isomorphism. A business person should be able to look at a high level map of the architecture and see the business represented there and similarly as technologists we should be able to look at the business and see the architecture represented there.

Animportant aspect of microservices is size and James sees Single ResponsibilityPattern (SRP) as a good measure. A service should have a single reason tochange which in practice means it should be small and focused enough to bepossible to grasp conceptually.

Acore concept of microservices for James is the possibility to independentlydeploy and scale each service; a service may be deployed as several instancesand different services may be hosted on the same server. When building anddeploying distributed systems, a focus on automated provisioning is crucialJames emphasizes, each service or application have to be built, deployed andscaled automatically. With microservices a lot of the complexity comes fromintegration but we can apply patterns to solve this and refers to the bookContinuous Delivery for patterns of build pipelines.

Infrastructureautomation with tools like Chef and Puppet helping in automatic provisioning ofmachines is central in managing the complexity coming with lots of services.Phoenix infrastructure patterns describe how we by using infrastructureautomation always should be able to recreate all infrastructure, e.g. we shouldbe able to wipe a box and run a script to rebuild it complete with alldependencies.