ios 开发环境常见问题合集

Unable to add a source with url https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git named cocoapods.

错误场景

使用pod install下载依赖时，出现以下错误

Cloning spec repo `cocoapods` from `https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git`
[!] Unable to add a source with url `https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git` named `cocoapods`.
You can try adding it manually in `/Users/ado/.cocoapods/repos` or via `pod repo add`.

解决方法

这是因为cocoapods的源码在github，国内有时候访问不是很稳定，所以我们可以使用国内镜像源来解决。以下使用清华大学的镜像

$ cd ~/.cocoapods/repos 
$ pod repo remove master
$ git clone https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/CocoaPods/Specs.git master

然后在自己项目的podfile文件的第一行替换成以下代码

source 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/CocoaPods/Specs.git'

最后使用pod install即可。
参考：清华大学CoocoaPods镜像

Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers

错误场景

朋友mac重装了catalina 10.15.5，使用gem install cocoapods安装cocoapods时出现以下错误。

ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
	ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.3/ext/ffi_c
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20210711-1964-ncgneq.rb extconf.rb
checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
	--with-opt-dir
	--without-opt-dir
	--with-opt-include
	--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
	--with-opt-lib
	--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
	--with-make-prog
	--without-make-prog
	--srcdir=.
	--curdir
	--ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
	--with-ffi_c-dir
	--without-ffi_c-dir
	--with-ffi_c-include
	--without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include
	--with-ffi_c-lib
	--without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib
	--enable-system-libffi
	--disable-system-libffi
	--with-libffi-config
	--without-libffi-config
	--with-pkg-config
	--without-pkg-config
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `block in try_compile'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:534:in `with_werror'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `try_compile'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1109:in `block in have_header'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:959:in `block in checking_for'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block in postpone'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:357:in `postpone'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:958:in `checking_for'
	from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1108:in `have_header'
	from extconf.rb:10:in `system_libffi_usable?'
	from extconf.rb:42:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.15.3/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.15.3 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-19/2.6.0/ffi-1.15.3/gem_make.out

解决方法

经过网上查询发现是因为从10.15开始，很多目录结构变了，这样会导致编译一些开发库时导致找不到头文件，而macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS这个文件在10.15之后是没有的，所以这里我们不使用系统自带的ruby来安装cocoapods即可。
使用rvm来安装新版本的ruby，然后再安装cocoapods。

安装rvm

# 安装
curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
# 刷新环境
source ~/.bash_profile

查询rvm版本验证是否安装成功

rvm -v

安装ruby

rvm install 2.7.4

查看ruby是否安装成功

ruby -v
#下面出现版本号代表成功

安装cocoapods

# 如果要指定安装版本，最后加上-v 版本号
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods -v 1.9.4

验证是否安装成功

pod --version
#出现版本号代表成功

requirements_osx_brew_libs_install

错误场景

使用rvm安装ruby时出现以下错误

Error running 'requirements_osx_brew_libs_install autoconf automake libtool pkg-config coreutils libyaml libksba readline zlib openssl@1.1',
please read /Users/ado/.rvm/log/1626011972_ruby-2.7.1/package_install_autoconf_automake_libtool_pkg-config_coreutils_libyaml_libksba_readline_zlib_openssl@1.1.log
Requirements installation failed with status: 1.

解决方法

打开上面报错提示的log文件，发现是homebrew超过的问题。所以只需要将homebrew的源改成国内镜像源即可。这里我们使用中科大的镜像

替换git

cd "$(brew --repo)"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git

替换core

cd "$(brew --repo)/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core"
git remote set-url origin https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git

替换Bottles

# 使用echo $SHELL 查看自己的系统是bash还是zsh
# bash的方式
echo 'export
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
# zsh的方式
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

最后再使用rvm install 版本号 就可以正常安装ruby了。