RSpec::Mocks

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-11 12:04:52 发布

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Test Doubles, Method Stubs, Message Expectations

thingamajig_double = double('thing-a-ma-jig')
stub_thingamajig = stub('thing-a-ma-jig')
mock_thingamajig = mock('thing-a-ma-jig')

double(),stub(),mock()都会返回一个RSpec::Mocks::Mock的实例
可以在这个实例上生成method stubs和message expectations

describe Statement do
  it "logs a message on generate()" do
    customer = stub('customer')
    customer.stub(:name).and_return('Aslak')

    logger = mock('logger')

    statement = Statement.new(customer, logger)
    logger.should_receive(:log).with(/Statement generated for Aslak/)

    statement.generate
  end
end

这段代码中, stub('customer')和mmock('logger')分别生成了2个test double

customer.stub(:name)为customer double添加了一个method stub(打桩方法), :name为方法名 and_return('Aslak')表示:name的返回值为Aslak

logger.should_receive(:log)为logger double设置了一个对于message name() 的expectation
后面的generate()方法里, 如果logger对log()的调用失败, 则整个example会fail
否则会判断logger.should_receive(:log)后面的条件是否满足(此处为with(xxx),即log()调用是否带参数xxx)

partial stubbing, partial mocking

describe WidgetsController do
  describe "PUT update with valid attributes"
    it "finds the widget"
      widget = Widget.new()
      widget.stub(:update_attributes).and_return(true)
      Widget.should_receive(:find).with("37").and_return(widget)
      put :update, :id => 37
    end

    it "updates the widget's attributes" do
      widget = Widget.new()
      Widget.stub(:find).and_return(widget)
      widget.should_receive(:update_attributes).and_return(true)
      put :update, :id => 37
    end

    it "redirects to the list of widgets"
      widget = Widget.new()
      Widget.stub(:find).and_return(widget)
      widget.stub(:update_attributes).and_return(true)
      put :update, :id => 37
      response.should redirect_to(widgets_path)
    end
  end
end

更多关于Message Expectations

执行次数

should_receive(:xxx)要求xxx()被调用且只调用一次, 如果希望调用若干次, 可采用下列方式

mock_account.should_receive(:withdraw).exactly(5).times
network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).at_most(5).times
network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).at_least(2).times
account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).once
account_double.should_receive(:deposit).twice

如果期待方法不被调用,要使用should_not_receive

network_double.should_not_receive(:open_connection)
network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).never              #不推荐
network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).exactly(0).times   #不推荐

指定期待的参数, with()

### 指定一个参数, 且值为50
account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).with(50)
### 可以指定任意个参数
checking_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(50, savings_account)
### 第一个参数为给定值, 第二个参数为Fixnum型任意值
source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(target_account, instance_of(Fixnum))
### 第一个参数可以为任意类型任意值
source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(anything(), 50)
### 任意类型任意数量参数
source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(any_args())
### 不传参数
collaborator.should_receive(:message).with(no_args())
### 参数为包含/不包含给定key/value的Hash
with(hash_including('Electric' => '123', 'Gas' => '234'))
with(hash_not_including('Electric' => '123', 'Gas' => '234'))
### 正则表达式
mock_atm.should_receive(:login).with(/.* User/)

自定义的Argument Matchers

自定义一个类, 然后重写==(actual)方法即可
也可以添加一个description()方法以提供失败时输出的信息

class GreaterThanMatcher

  def initialize(expected)
    @expected = expected
  end

  def description
    "a number greater than #{@expected}"
  end

  def ==(actual)
    actual > @expected
  end
end

def greater_than(floor)
  GreaterThanMatcher.new(floor)
end

calculator.should_receive(:add).with(greater_than(37))

Throwing or Raising

and_raise()可以不传参/一个参数(异常类或异常类实例)
and_throw()传symbol

account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise
account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise(InsufficientFunds)

the_exception = InsufficientFunds.new(:reason => :on_hold)
account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise(the_exception)

account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_throw(:insufficient_funds)

按序执行

database.should_receive(:count).with('Roster', :course_id => 37).ordered
database.should_receive(:add).with(student).ordered

只要count()在add()之前执行就会pass

RSpec::Mocks

Test Doubles, Method Stubs, Message Expectations

更多关于Method Stubs

更多关于Message Expectations