sql查询语句练习

最近在学习SQL嘛,所以各个地方找题目来练手,毕竟现在能离得开数据库么?
Student(S#,Sname,Sage,Ssex) 学生表
Course(C#,Cname,T#) 课程表
SC(S#,C#,score) 成绩表
Teacher(T#,Tname) 教师表

问题:
1、查询“001”课程比“002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号;

select a.S# from (select s#,score from SC where C#=‘001’) a,(select
s#,score from SC where C#=‘002’) b where a.score>b.score and
a.s#=b.s#;

2、查询平均成绩大于60分的同学的学号和平均成绩;

select S#,avg(score) from sc group by S# having avg(score)>60;

3、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname,count(SC.C#),sum(score)
from Student left Outer join SC on Student.S#=SC.S#
group by Student.S#,Sname
4、查询姓“李”的老师的个数;
select count(distinct(Tname))
from Teacher
where Tname like ‘李%’;
5、查询没学过“叶平”老师课的同学的学号、姓名;
Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select distinct( SC.S#) from SC,Course,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶平’);
6、查询学过“001”并且也学过编号“002”课程的同学的学号、姓名;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#='001’and exists( Select * from SC as SC_2 where SC_2.S#=SC.S# and SC_2.C#=‘002’);
7、查询学过“叶平”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# in (select S# from SC ,Course ,Teacher where SC.C#=Course.C# and Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶平’ group by S# having count(SC.C#)=(select count(C#) from
Course,Teacher where Teacher.T#=Course.T# and Tname=‘叶平’));
8、查询课程编号“002”的成绩比课程编号“001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名;
Select S#,Sname from (select Student.S#,Student.Sname,score ,(select score from SC SC_2 where SC_2.S#=Student.S# and SC_2.C#=‘002’) score2
from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C#=‘001’) S_2 where score2 <score;
9、查询所有课程成绩小于60分的同学的学号、姓名;
select S#,Sname
from Student
where S# not in (select Student.S# from Student,SC where S.S#=SC.S# and score>60);
10、查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名;
select Student.S#,Student.Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# group by Student.S#,Student.Sname having count(C#) <(select count(C#) from Course);
11、查询至少有一门课与学号为“1001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名;
select S#,Sname from Student,SC where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in select C# from SC where S#=‘1001’;
12、查询至少学过学号为“001”同学所有一门课的其他同学学号和姓名;
select distinct SC.S#,Sname
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# and C# in (select C# from SC where S#=‘001’);
13、把“SC”表中“叶平”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩;
update SC set score=(select avg(SC_2.score)
from SC SC_2
where SC_2.C#=SC.C# ) from Course,Teacher where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶平’);
14、查询和“1002”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名;
select S# from SC where C# in (select C# from SC where S#=‘1002’)
group by
S# having count()=(select count() from SC where S#=‘1002’);
15、删除学习“叶平”老师课的SC表记录;
Delect SC
from course ,Teacher
where Course.C#=SC.C# and Course.T#= Teacher.T# and Tname=‘叶平’;
16、向SC表中插入一些记录,这些记录要求符合以下条件:没有上过编号“003”课程的同学学号、2、
号课的平均成绩;
Insert SC select S#,‘002’,(Select avg(score)
from SC where C#=‘002’) from Student where S# not in (Select S# from SC where C#=‘002’);
17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的“数据库”、“企业管理”、“英语”三门的课程成绩,按如下形式显示: 学生ID,数据库,企业管理,英语,有效课程数,有效平均分
SELECT S# as 学生ID
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#=‘004’) AS 数据库
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#=‘001’) AS 企业管理
,(SELECT score FROM SC WHERE SC.S#=t.S# AND C#=‘006’) AS 英语
,COUNT() AS 有效课程数, AVG(t.score) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC AS t
GROUP BY S#
ORDER BY avg(t.score)
18、查询各科成绩最高和最低的分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,最高分,最低分
SELECT L.C# As 课程ID,L.score AS 最高分,R.score AS 最低分
FROM SC L ,SC AS R
WHERE L.C# = R.C# and
L.score = (SELECT MAX(IL.score)
FROM SC AS IL,Student AS IM
WHERE L.C# = IL.C# and IM.S#=IL.S#
GROUP BY IL.C#)
AND
R.Score
= (SELECT MIN(IR.score)
FROM SC AS IR
WHERE R.C# = IR.C#
GROUP BY IR.C#
);
19、按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
SELECT t.C# AS 课程号,max(course.Cname)AS 课程名,isnull(AVG(score),0) AS 平均成绩
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/COUNT(
) AS 及格百分数
FROM SC T,Course
where t.C#=course.C#
GROUP BY t.C#
ORDER BY 100 * SUM(CASE WHEN isnull(score,0)>=60 THEN 1 ELSE
0 END)/COUNT(*) DESC
20、查询如下课程平均成绩和及格率的百分数(用"1行"显示): 企业管理(001),马克思(002),OO&UML (003),数据库(004)
SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN C# =‘001’ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN ‘001’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 企业管理平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘001’ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘001’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
) AS 企业管理及格百分数
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘002’ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN ‘002’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘002’ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘002’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 马克思及格百分数
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘003’ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/
SUM(CASE C# WHEN ‘003’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML平均分
,100 * SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘003’ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘003’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS UML及格百分数
,SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘004’ THEN score ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE C# WHEN ‘004’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库平均分
,100

  • SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘004’ AND score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN C# = ‘004’ THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS 数据库及格百分数
    FROM SC
    21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
    SELECT max(Z.T#) AS 教师ID,MAX(Z.Tname) AS 教师姓名,C.C# AS 课程ID,MAX(C.Cname) AS 课程名称,AVG(Score) AS 平均成绩
    FROM SC AS T,Course AS C ,Teacher AS Z
    where T.C#=C.C# and C.T#=Z.T#
    GROUP BY C.C#
    ORDER BY AVG(Score) DESC
    22、查询如下课程成绩第 3 名到第 6 名的学生成绩单:企业管理(001),马克思(002),UML (003),数据库(004)
    [学生ID],[学生姓名],企业管理,马克思,UML,数据库,平均成绩
    SELECT DISTINCT top 3
    SC.S# As 学生学号,
    Student.Sname AS 学生姓名 ,
    T1.score AS 企业管理,
    T2.score AS 马克思,
    T3.score AS UML,
    T4.score AS 数据库,
    ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) as 总分
    FROM Student,SC LEFT JOIN SC AS T1
    ON SC.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C# = ‘001’
    LEFT JOIN SC AS T2
    ON SC.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = ‘002’
    LEFT JOIN SC AS T3
    ON SC.S# =T3.S# AND T3.C# = ‘003’
    LEFT JOIN SC AS T4
    ON SC.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = ‘004’
    WHERE student.S#=SC.S# and
    ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
    NOT IN
    (SELECT
    DISTINCT
    TOP 15 WITH TIES
    ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0)
    FROM sc
    LEFT JOIN sc AS T1
    ON sc.S# = T1.S# AND T1.C#= ‘k1’
    LEFT JOIN sc AS T2
    ON sc.S# = T2.S# AND T2.C# = ‘k2’
    LEFT JOIN sc AS T3
    ON sc.S# = T3.S# AND T3.C# = ‘k3’
    LEFT JOIN sc AS T4
    ON sc.S# = T4.S# AND T4.C# = ‘k4’
    ORDER BY ISNULL(T1.score,0) + ISNULL(T2.score,0) + ISNULL(T3.score,0) + ISNULL(T4.score,0) DESC);

23、统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
SELECT SC.C# as 课程ID, Cname
as 课程名称
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 85 AND 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [100 - 85]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 70 AND 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [85 - 70]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score BETWEEN 60 AND 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [70 - 60]
,SUM(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS [60 -]
FROM SC,Coursewhere SC.C#=Course.C#
GROUP BY SC.C#,Cname;

24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次
SELECT 1+(SELECT COUNT( distinct 平均成绩)
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) AS 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
) AS T1
WHERE 平均成绩 > T2.平均成绩) as 名次,
S# as 学生学号,平均成绩
FROM (SELECT S#,AVG(score) 平均成绩
FROM SC
GROUP BY S#
) AS T2
ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;

25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 3 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C# ORDER BY score DESC
)
ORDER BY t1.C#;
26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select c#,count(S#) from sc group by C#;
27、查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
select SC.S#,Student.Sname,count(C#) AS 选课数
from SC ,Student
where SC.S#=Student.S# group by SC.S# ,Student.Sname having count(C#)=1;
28、查询男生、女生人数
Select count(Ssex) as 男生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex=‘男’;
Select count(Ssex) as 女生人数 from Student group by Ssex having Ssex=‘女’;
29、查询姓“张”的学生名单
SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname like ‘张%’;
30、查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
select Sname,count() from Studentgroup by Sname having count()>1;;
31、1981年出生的学生名单(注:Student表中Sage列的类型是datetime)
select Sname, CONVERT(char (11),DATEPART(year,Sage)) as age
from student
where CONVERT(char(11),DATEPART(year,Sage))=‘1981’;
32、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩升序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程号降序排列
Select C#,Avg(score) from SC group by C# order by Avg(score),C# DESC ;
33、查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select Sname,SC.S# ,avg(score)
from Student,SC
where Student.S#=SC.S# group by SC.S#,Sname having avg(score)>85;
34、查询课程名称为“数据库”,且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数
Select Sname,isnull(score,0)
from Student,SC,Course
where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C#and Course.Cname='数据库’and score <60;
35、查询所有学生的选课情况;
SELECT SC.S#,SC.C#,Sname,Cname
FROM SC,Student,Course
where SC.S#=Student.S# and SC.C#=Course.C# ;
36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数;
SELECT distinct student.S#,student.Sname,SC.C#,SC.score
FROM student,Sc
WHERE SC.score>=70 AND SC.S#=student.S#;
37、查询不及格的课程,并按课程号从大到小排列
select c# from sc where scor e <60 order by C# ;
38、查询课程编号为003且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名;
select SC.S#,Student.Sname from SC,Student where SC.S#=Student.S# and Score>80 and C#=‘003’;
39、求选了课程的学生人数
select count() from sc;
40、查询选修“叶平”老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
select Student.Sname,score
from Student,SC,Course C,Teacher
where Student.S#=SC.S# and SC.C#=C.C# and
C.T#=Teacher.T# and Teacher.Tname=‘叶平’ and SC.score=(select max(score)from SC where C#=C.C# );
41、查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
select count(
) from sc group by C#;
42、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩
select distinct A.S#,B.score from SC A ,SC B where A.Score=B.Score and A.C# <>B.C# ;
43、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
SELECT t1.S# as 学生ID,t1.C# as 课程ID,Score as 分数
FROM SC t1
WHERE score IN (SELECT TOP 2 score
FROM SC
WHERE t1.C#= C#
ORDER BY score DESC
)
ORDER BY t1.C#;
44、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过10人的课程才统计)。要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列
select C# as 课程号,count(*) as 人数

from  sc  
group  by  C# 
order  by  count(*) desc,c#  

45、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select S#
from sc
group by s#
having count() > = 2
46、查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名
select C#,Cname
from Course
where C# in (select c# from sc group by c#)
47、查询没学过“叶平”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select Sname from Student where S# not in (select S# from Course,Teacher,SC where Course.T#=Teacher.T# and SC.C#=course.C# and Tname=‘叶平’);
48、查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
select S#,avg(isnull(score,0)) from SC where S# in (select S# from SC where
score <60 group by S# having count(
)>2)group by S#;
49、检索“004”课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的同学学号
select S# from SC where C#='004’and score <60 order by score desc;
50、删除“002”同学的“001”课程的成绩
delete from Sc where S#='001’and C#=‘001’;

<think>首先,用户查询的是“SQL 查询语句练习题及答案”。系统指令要求我使用中文回答,并确保回答结构清晰、真实可靠。 回顾系统级指令: - 所有行内数学表达式用 $...$,比如 $x^2$。 - 独立公式用 $$...$$ 并单独成段。 - 使用中文回答。 - 生成相关问题。 - 在引用的段落末尾添加引用标识,如 [^1]。 - 回答中要结构清晰,帮助用户逐步解决问题。 在用户消息中,有一个引用:[^1] 引用了一个SQL Server的查询语句例子。它说:“SQL Server经典查询语句练习题及答案。15.显示95001和95004班全体学生的全部个人信息(不包括选课)。(student表全部属性) select *from Student where class=95001 or class=95004 [^1]。” 这表明用户可能想练习SQL查询。 我的响应应该包括: 1. **SQL查询练习题及答案**:提供一些经典的SQL查询练习题,并给出答案。确保基于常见数据库如MySQLSQL Server。 2. **结构清晰**:逐步呈现问题,然后答案。 3. **生成相关问题**:在最后添加相关问题部分,以鼓励用户深入。 4. **使用中文**:整个响应用中文。 5. **引用处理**:如果引用内容,添加 [^1]。但在这个案例中,用户提供了引用,所以我应该适当地引用它或基于它构建。 用户真正的需求是提升SQL技能,所以我需要提供练习题。引用 [^1] 是一个例子,所以我可以在我的响应中引用它作为参考。 计划响应结构: - **引言**:简要介绍SQL练习的重要性。 - **练习题及答案**:列出多个SQL查询练习题,每个问题后给出SQL语句作为答案。 - **相关问题**:在最后添加“相关问题”部分,提出更深入的问题。 - **确保真实性**:使用标准SQL语法,避免错误。 练习题想法(基于常见场景): 1. 查询所有学生信息。 2. 查询特定班级的学生。 3. 聚合查询,如平均成绩。 4. JOIN操作,连接多个表。 5. WHERE子句条件。 6. GROUP BY和HAVING。 7. ORDER BY排序。 从引用中提取:用户提到“student表”,所以假设有表如Student、Course等。 定义假设的表结构以保持一致性: - Student (student_id, name, class, age, ...) - Course (course_id, course_name, ...) - Score (student_id, course_id, score, ...) 练习题: 1. 查询所有学生的信息(引用中的例子)。 2. 查询特定班级的学生。 3. 查询平均成绩大于80的学生。 4. 查询选修了特定课程的学生。 5. 等等。 在答案中,使用SQL代码块,类似示例中的Python代码块。 最后,生成相关问题: - 例如,“如何优化SQL查询性能?”或“SQL中的索引是什么?” 响应大纲: 1. 开头:介绍SQL练习。 2. 练习题列表: - 每个问题描述。 - SQL答案在代码块中。 3. 结束:相关问题部分。 确保使用中文。</think>以下是针对 SQL 查询语句练习题及答案,旨在帮助您提升 SQL 技能。我基于常见的数据库系统(如 MySQLSQL Server)设计了一系列经典练习题,覆盖基本查询、条件过滤、聚合函数、表连接等核心概念。每个练习题都附带一个清晰的 SQL 语句答案,使用代码块展示。练习题基于一个简化的学生选课数据库模型(假设表结构如下),以确保真实性和一致性: - **Student 表**:存储学生信息,包括 `student_id`(学号)、`name`(姓名)、`class`(班级)、`age`(年龄)等属性。 - **Course 表**:存储课程信息,包括 `course_id`(课程号)、`course_name`(课程名)。 - **Score 表**:存储学生成绩,包括 `student_id`(学号)、`course_id`(课程号)、`score`(分数)。 ### SQL 查询练习题及答案 我将逐步列出 5 个经典练习题,每个问题后给出对应的 SQL 语句答案。这些练习从简单到中等难度,帮助您逐步掌握 SQL 语法。 1. **问题:查询所有学生的全部个人信息(不包括选课信息)。** (这是基于引用中的经典例子,直接查询 Student 表的所有属性。) **答案**: ```sql SELECT * FROM Student; ``` 2. **问题:查询班级为 95001 或 95004 的所有学生的姓名和年龄。** (此问题扩展了引用中的例子,添加了条件过滤,使用 WHERE 子句。) **答案**: ```sql SELECT name, age FROM Student WHERE class = '95001' OR class = '95004'; ``` 3. **问题:查询每个班级的平均年龄,并按班级升序排序。** (引入聚合函数和 GROUP BY 子句,用于数据分组统计。) **答案**: ```sql SELECT class, AVG(age) AS avg_age FROM Student GROUP BY class ORDER BY class ASC; ``` 4. **问题:查询选修了课程号为 'C001' 的学生的姓名和该课程分数,且分数大于 80。** (涉及表连接 JOIN 操作和条件过滤,连接 Student 和 Score 表。) **答案**: ```sql SELECT s.name, sc.score FROM Student s JOIN Score sc ON s.student_id = sc.student_id WHERE sc.course_id = 'C001' AND sc.score > 80; ``` 5. **问题:查询平均分数大于 85 的学生姓名及其平均分,只显示前 5 名。** (结合聚合函数、HAVING 子句和 LIMIT 子句,用于高级筛选。) **答案**: ```sql SELECT s.name, AVG(sc.score) AS avg_score FROM Student s JOIN Score sc ON s.student_id = sc.student_id GROUP BY s.student_id HAVING AVG(sc.score) > 85 ORDER BY avg_score DESC LIMIT 5; ``` ### 练习建议 - **实践方法**:在数据库管理工具(如 MySQL Workbench 或 SQL Server Management Studio)中创建上述表并插入测试数据,然后运行这些查询。例如,插入数据脚本可能包括: ```sql INSERT INTO Student (student_id, name, class, age) VALUES ('S001', '张三', '95001', 20), ('S002', '李四', '95001', 22), ('S003', '王五', '95004', 21); -- 类似地添加 Course 和 Score 表数据 ``` - **为什么有效**:这些练习覆盖了 SQL 的核心知识点,如 SELECT、WHERE、JOIN、GROUP BY 和聚合函数,能显著提升您的查询能力。引用中的例子(查询特定班级学生)是经典入门题,我已将其融入练习中[^1]。
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