pyqt基本操作

PyQt的简介和基本安装方法读者可以自行google解决。先声明，本文章教基础，参考《征服Python》相关章节。不过不得不说，pyQt的教程真的好少，╮(╯▽╰)╭，悲催，大家有什么好的资料推荐一下，谢谢了。

先建立一个基本的界面看看：

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import sys from PyQt4 import  QtCore, QtGui class MyWindow( QtGui.QMainWindow ):     def __init__( self ):         QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__( self )         self.setWindowTitle( "PyQt" )         self.resize( 300, 200 ) app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) mywindow = MyWindow() mywindow.show() app.exec_()

 运行结果：

然后我们添加一个标签：

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#coding=utf-8 #标签的使用 import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 200, 300 )         #添加标签         label = QtGui.QLabel( "label" )         label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )         self.setCentralWidget( label ) app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo = Window() demo.show() app.exec_()

 效果如下：

基本布局：

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#coding=gbk import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )                   hBoxLayout1 = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()                   label1 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label1" )         label2 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label2" )         label3 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label3" )         label4 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label4" )         label5 = QtGui.QLabel( "Label5" )         #---------添加表格布局         gridLayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()                    gridLayout.addWidget( label1 , 0, 0 )         gridLayout.addWidget( label2 , 0, 1 )         gridLayout.addWidget( label3 , 0, 2 )         gridLayout.addWidget( label4 , 1, 0 )         gridLayout.addWidget( label5 , 1, 1 )                    self.setLayout( gridLayout )        #-------添加水平布局 #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label1 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label2 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label3 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label4 ) #        hBoxLayout1.addWidget( label5 ) #        #        self.setLayout( hBoxLayout1 )   #---------添加垂直布局 #        vBoxLayout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout() #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label1 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label2 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label3 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label4 ) #        vBoxLayout.addWidget( label5 ) #        #        self.setLayout( vBoxLayout ) #            app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo = Window() demo.show() app.exec_()

 效果：

按钮基本使用

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#coding=utf-8 #按钮操作   import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )         gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()                   button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button1" )         gridlayout.addWidget( button1, 0, 0, 1, 3 )                   button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "button2" )         button2.setFlat( True )         gridlayout.addWidget( button2, 1, 1, 1, 3 )         self.setLayout( gridlayout ) app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo = Window() demo.show() app.exec_()

 

不过按钮2当你点击的时候才显示出来哦

现在看看单行文本和多行文本

#coding=utf-8 import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )                   gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()                   str = "hello"  #这里中文乱码，纠结         label = QtGui.QLabel( str )         label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )                   textFile = QtGui.QLineEdit()         gridlayout.addWidget( label, 0, 0 )         gridlayout.addWidget( textFile )                   passwordFile = QtGui.QLineEdit()         passwordFile.setEchoMode( QtGui.QLineEdit.Password )         gridlayout.addWidget( passwordFile )                   textArea = QtGui.QTextEdit()         textArea.setText( "asdasda" )         gridlayout.addWidget( textArea )                             self.setLayout( gridlayout ) app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) window = Window() window.show() app.exec_()

 

单选和复选框

import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )         hboxlayout = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()                   self.radio1 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio1" )         self.radio2 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio2" )         self.radio3 = QtGui.QRadioButton( "radio3" )         self.radio1.setChecked( True )                   hboxlayout.addWidget( self.radio1 )         hboxlayout.addWidget( self.radio2 )         hboxlayout.addWidget( self.radio3 )                   checkbox1 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox1" )         checkbox2 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox2" )         checkbox3 = QtGui.QCheckBox( "checkbox3" )         checkbox1.setChecked( True )                   hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox1 )         hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox2 )         hboxlayout.addWidget( checkbox3 )           self.button = QtGui.QPushButton( "Ok" )         hboxlayout.addWidget( self.button )                   self.connect( self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton )                   self.setLayout( hboxlayout )     def OnButton( self ):         if self.radio2.isChecked():             self.radio2.setText( "haha" )           app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win = Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

现在看看菜单：

#coding=utf-8 #菜单事件 import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore class Window( QtGui.QMainWindow ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )                                       menubar = self.menuBar()         self.file = menubar.addMenu( '&File' )         open = self.file.addAction( 'Open' )         self.connect( open, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self.OnOpen )                   save = self.file.addAction( 'Save' )         self.connect( save, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self.OnSave )         self.file.addSeparator()         close = self.file.addAction( "Close" )         self.connect( close, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'triggered()' ), self.OnClose )                   self.label = QtGui.QLabel( "this is a  google test" )         self.label.setAlignment( QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter )         self.setCentralWidget( self.label )               def OnOpen( self ):         self.label.setText( "open" )     def OnSave( self ):         self.label.setText( "save" )     def OnClose( self ):         self.close()     def contextMenuEvent( self, event ):        self.file.exec_( event.globalPos() ) app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win = Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

点击右键也可以看看哦

现在是对话框的代码：

#coding=utf-8 #对话框 import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )                   gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()                   self.AboutButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "About" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.AboutButton, 0, 0 )         self.AboutQtButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "AboutQt" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.AboutQtButton, 0, 1 )         self.CriticalButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "CriticalButton" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.CriticalButton, 1, 0 )         self.InfoButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Info" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.InfoButton, 1, 1 )         self.QuestionButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Question" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.QuestionButton, 2, 0 )         self.WarningButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Warning" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.WarningButton, 2, 1 )                   spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200, 80 )         gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3, 1, 1, 5 )         self.setLayout( gridlayout )                   self.connect( self.AboutButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnAboutButton )         self.connect( self.AboutQtButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnAboutQtButton )         self.connect( self.CriticalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnCriticalButton )         self.connect( self.InfoButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnInfoButton )         self.connect( self.QuestionButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnQuestionButton )         self.connect( self.WarningButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnWarningButton )               def OnAboutButton( self ):         QtGui.QMessageBox.about( self, 'PyQt', "About" )               def OnAboutQtButton( self ):         QtGui.QMessageBox.aboutQt( self, "PyQt" )               def OnCriticalButton( self ):         r = QtGui.QMessageBox.critical( self, "PyQT", "CriticalButton", QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort,                                    QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry, QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore )         if r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Abort:             self.setWindowTitle( "Abort" )         elif r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Retry:             self.setWindowTitle( "Retry" )         elif r == QtGui.QMessageBox.Ignore:             self.setWindowTitle( "Ignore" )         else:             pass               def OnInfoButton( self ):         QtGui.QMessageBox.information( self, "Pyqt", "information" )               def OnQuestionButton( self ):         r = QtGui.QMessageBox.question( self, "PyQt", "Question", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No, QtGui.QMessageBox.Cancel )               def OnWarningButton( self ):         r = QtGui.QMessageBox.warning( self, "PyQT", "warning", QtGui.QMessageBox.Yes, QtGui.QMessageBox.No )                 app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win = Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

现在是文件选择，字体选择，颜色选择框：

#coding=utf-8 import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 500, 500 )                   gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()                   self.button1 = QtGui.QPushButton( "File" )         self.button2 = QtGui.QPushButton( "Font" )         self.button3 = QtGui.QPushButton( "Color" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.button1 )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.button2 )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.button3 )         spacer = QtGui.QSpacerItem( 200, 80 )         gridlayout.addItem( spacer, 3, 1, 1, 3 )         self.setLayout( gridlayout )                   self.connect( self.button1, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton1 )         self.connect( self.button2, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton2 )         self.connect( self.button3, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton3 )                         def OnButton1( self ):         fileName = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName( self, 'Open' )         if not fileName.isEmpty():             self.setWindowTitle( fileName )                  def OnButton2( self ):         font, ok = QtGui.QFontDialog.getFont()         if ok:             self.setWindowTitle( font.key() )           def OnButton3( self ):         color = QtGui.QColorDialog.getColor()         if color.isValid():             self.setWindowTitle( color.name() )           app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win = Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

现在还是对话框：

#coding=utf-8 import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore   class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):     def __init__( self ):         super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()                   self.setWindowTitle( "Dialog" )         self.gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()                   self.label = QtGui.QLabel( "Please Input:" )         self.textField = QtGui.QLineEdit()         self.okButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "OK" )         self.cancalButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Cancel" )                   self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.label , 0, 0 )         self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.textField , 0, 1 )         self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.cancalButton , 0, 2 )         self.gridlayout.addWidget( self.okButton , 0, 3 )                   self.connect( self.okButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnOk )         self.connect( self.cancalButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnCancel )                   self.setLayout( self.gridlayout )               def OnOk( self ):         self.text = self.textField.text()         self.done( 1 )     def OnCancel( self ):         self.done( 0 )             class Window( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( Window, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 400, 300 )                   hboxlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()         self.creatDialogButton = QtGui.QPushButton( "Create a new Dialog" )         hboxlayout.addWidget( self.creatDialogButton )         self.setLayout( hboxlayout )                   self.connect( self.creatDialogButton, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButton )               def OnButton( self ):         dialog = MyDialog()         r = dialog.exec_()         if r:             self.creatDialogButton.setText( dialog.text )                     app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) win = Window() win.show() app.exec_()

 

最后一个是利用Designer写的

利用他设计一个简单的界面，只有一个标签和一个文本框

代码如下：

#coding=utf-8 import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore, uic   class MyDialog( QtGui.QDialog ):     def __init__( self ):         super( MyDialog, self ).__init__()         uic.loadUi( "res.ui", self )   class MyWindow( QtGui.QWidget ):     def __init__( self ):         super( MyWindow, self ).__init__()         self.setWindowTitle( "hello" )         self.resize( 300, 200 )                   gridlayout = QtGui.QGridLayout()         self.button = QtGui.QPushButton( "CreateDialog" )         gridlayout.addWidget( self.button )         self.setLayout( gridlayout )                   self.connect( self.button, QtCore.SIGNAL( 'clicked()' ), self.OnButtoN )               def OnButtoN( self ):         dialog = MyDialog()         r = dialog.exec_();         if r:             self.button.setText( dialog.textField.text() )           app = QtGui.QApplication( sys.argv ) demo = MyWindow() demo.show() app.exec_()