【汇总】Ubuntu更新源、换源

本文提供了详细的步骤指导如何为Ubuntu系统更换国内软件源,包括备份原有源文件、添加新的源配置,并介绍了阿里云、中科大、163及清华大学等多个镜像站点的地址。

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1. 备份系统源:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak

2. 添加新的源文件:

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

整个脚本:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list <<EOF##使用<<EOF来开始写入文件
#  阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF#以EOF结束写入

sudo apt-get update

并添加以下内容:注意,每一行的trusty应该用第一步查看得到的Codename来代替(http://www.cnblogs.com/lyon2014/p/4715379.html)

#  阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

其他源(【Ubuntu】Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 更换国内源——解决终端下载速度慢的问题 - 知乎

#  中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 163源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3. 保存并且sudo apt-get update,更新成功

### 配置 Ubuntu 20.04 使用本地 APT #### 准备工作 为了使Ubuntu 20.04能够利用本地APT来管理和安装软件包,首先需要确保已经安装了`dpkg-dev`这一必要的开发工具集。这可以通过执行命令 `sudo apt install -y dpkg-dev` 来完成[^1]。 #### 创建本地仓库结构 建立一个目录用于存储所有的.deb格式的二进制软件包以及相应的元数据文件。通常建议创建一个新的文件夹作为根目录,比如 `/var/localrepo/` 或者其他任何合适的位置。在这个位置下还需要构建特定的子目录树以匹配官方库的标准布局,例如: ```bash /var/localrepo/ ├── dists │ └── focal │ ├── main │ │ ├── binary-amd64 │ │ └── source │ └── Release └── pool └── main ``` 这里假设目标是为Focal Fossa(即Ubuntu 20.04 LTS)版本设置本地,则应按照上述方式命名路径中的各个部分[^5]。 #### 添加并处理软件包 将要加入到本地里的`.deb` 文件复制至对应的pool/main或其他适当分类下的子文件夹里。之后,在终端中进入包含这些包的顶级目录,并运行如下指令生成描述性的Packages.gz压缩清单文件: ```bash cd /path/to/repository/directory dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -9c > Packages.gz ``` 此操作会扫描当前目录及其子目录内的所有.deb文件,并将其信息汇总成名为Packages.gz 的gzipped 文本文件。该文件对于客户端机器来说至关重要,因为它们依赖于此文件了解可用新的信息[^3]。 #### 新发布信息 为了让APT系统信任新添加的内容,还需编辑或新建位于`/var/localrepo/dists/focal/Release` 中的发行版控制文件。可以手动编写它或将现有远程镜像站点上的同名文件下载下来稍作修改即可满足需求。注意保持GPG签名的一致性和有效性以便验证来的真实性。 #### 修改客户机配置 最后一步是在每台想要连接到新的内部资库的工作站上调整其自身的APT列表(`/etc/apt/sources.list`) ,增加一行指向刚才准备好的私有HTTP(S)服务器地址或者直接挂载共享磁盘映射后的绝对路径前缀。例如: ```plaintext deb file:/var/localrepo ./focal main contrib non-free ``` 保存改后记得刷新缓存(`sudo apt update`)让改动生效[^2]。
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