基于keystone的swift搭建

本文档详细介绍了如何在Ubuntu 16.04环境下完成OpenStack Swift单机部署的过程,包括安装所需的服务如数据库、消息队列、缓存服务等,并配置Keystone及Swift服务。

OpenStack组件Swift单机搭建(基于Keystone)

该博客是我们班的张大神写的,在此借用一下。


安装环境:Ubuntu 16.04

需要有两块硬盘(一块为系统盘,一块用于安装SWIFT)

需要有IP地址


环境准备

  • 修改hosts文件
  • 安装相关服务

修改hosts

编辑 /etc/hosts,添加

IP地址 controller

安装Openstack源并更新和安装

apt install software-properties-common
add-apt-repository cloud-archive:newton
apt update && apt dist-upgrade

安装完成后重启

安装Openstack客户端

apt install python-openstackclient

安装数据库

1、安装数据库服务

apt install mariadb-server python-pymysql

2、创建或修改/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf文件

(若文件存在则修改,不存在则创建,存在的文件中若未提及的选项则保持不变,下同)

[mysqld]
bind-address = 你的IP地址

default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8

3、将/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/下所有的文件中所有utf8mb4改为utf8
4、进入数据库,设置root密码,添加远程登录权限

# mysql -u root
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'root密码';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'root密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;

5、重启数据库

 service mysql restart

安装消息队列服务(Message Queue)

1、安装服务

apt install rabbitmq-server

2、添加openstack用户并添加权限

rabbitmqctl add_user openstack 设置一个密码
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"

安装分布式缓存服务(Memcached)

1、安装服务

apt install memcached python-memcache

2、修改配置文件/etc/memcached.conf

-l 你的IP地址

3、重启服务

service memcached restart

安装配置Keystone,并添加域、项目、用户和角色

准备

1、添加Keystone数据库和相关用户

# mysql -u root -p
Create the keystone database:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE keystone;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'Keystone密码';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \
  IDENTIFIED BY 'Keystone密码';

2、安装服务

apt install keystone

配置Keystone

1、编辑/etc/keystone/keystone.conf

[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone用户的密码@controller/keystone
[token]
provider = fernet

2、填充keystone数据库

su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone

3、初始化Fernet key repositories(似乎是个专有名词不知道咋翻译)

keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone

4、对认证服务进行引导

keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password 设置一个鹳狸猿密码 \
  --bootstrap-admin-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-internal-url http://controller:35357/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-public-url http://controller:5000/v3/ \
  --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne

配置Apache HTTP服务

1、编辑/etc/apache2/apache2.conf

ServerName controller

2、重启apache服务,并且删除SQLite数据库

service apache2 restart
rm -f /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db

3、添加一些环境变量(临时的哦)

export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=这里写你刚才设置的admin的密码
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

创建域、项目、用户和角色

1、创建一个service项目

openstack project create --domain default \
  --description "Service Project" service

2、创建一个demo项目和user
创建demo项目

创建demo用户
openstack project create --domain default \
  --description "Demo Project" demo
openstack user create --domain default \
  --password-prompt demo(输入此句后会需要设置demo的密码)

创建user角色

openstack role create user

添加user角色到demo项目和用户中

openstack role add --project demo --user demo user

验证操作

1、基于安全的考虑在/etc/keystone/keystone-paste.ini中移除

[pipeline:public_api], [pipeline:admin_api],[pipeline:api_v3] 中的admin_token_auth

2、移除掉一些环境变量

unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD

3、以admin用户的身份请求一个认证令牌

openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:35357/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
  --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issue
(会要求输入admin的密码)

如果出现类似于以下的信息则表示成功

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                                                           |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-02-12T20:14:07.056119Z                                     |
| id         | gAAAAABWvi7_B8kKQD9wdXac8MoZiQldmjEO643d-e_j-XXq9AmIegIbA7UHGPv |
|            | atnN21qtOMjCFWX7BReJEQnVOAj3nclRQgAYRsfSU_MrsuWb4EDtnjU7HEpoBb4 |
|            | o6ozsA_NmFWEpLeKy0uNn_WeKbAhYygrsmQGA49dclHVnz-OMVLiyM9ws       |
| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc                                |
| user_id    | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16                                |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

3、以demo用户的身份请求一个认证令牌

openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:5000/v3 \
  --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
  --os-project-name demo --os-username demo token issue
(会要求输入demo的密码)

如果出现类似于以下的信息则表示成功

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                                                           |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-02-12T20:14:07.056119Z                                     |
| id         | gAAAAABWvi7_B8kKQD9wdXac8MoZiQldmjEO643d-e_j-XXq9AmIegIbA7UHGPv |
|            | atnN21qtOMjCFWX7BReJEQnVOAj3nclRQgAYRsfSU_MrsuWb4EDtnjU7HEpoBb4 |
|            | o6ozsA_NmFWEpLeKy0uNn_WeKbAhYygrsmQGA49dclHVnz-OMVLiyM9ws       |
| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc                                |
| user_id    | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16                                |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

写♂脚♂本

由于环境变量会失效(除非你设置在bashrc里面去了,不过这不利于更换用户身份)为了方便,可以创建一些脚本
1、创建admin-openrc文件

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=你的admin密码
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

2、创建demo-openrc文件

export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=demo
export OS_USERNAME=demo
export OS_PASSWORD=你的demo密码
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:5000/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2

3、验证一下

sh admin-openrc
openstack token issue

如果出现类似于以下的信息则表示成功

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field      | Value                                                           |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| expires    | 2016-02-12T20:14:07.056119Z                                     |
| id         | gAAAAABWvi7_B8kKQD9wdXac8MoZiQldmjEO643d-e_j-XXq9AmIegIbA7UHGPv |
|            | atnN21qtOMjCFWX7BReJEQnVOAj3nclRQgAYRsfSU_MrsuWb4EDtnjU7HEpoBb4 |
|            | o6ozsA_NmFWEpLeKy0uNn_WeKbAhYygrsmQGA49dclHVnz-OMVLiyM9ws       |
| project_id | 343d245e850143a096806dfaefa9afdc                                |
| user_id    | ac3377633149401296f6c0d92d79dc16                                |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+

安装并配置Swift服务

环境准备

1、运行脚本

sh admin-openrc

2、向Keystone添加swift相关信息

添加swift用户

openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt swift(此处要设置密码)

将admin角色加入到swift用户中

openstack role add --project service --user swift admin

添加swift服务实体

openstack service create --name swift \
  --description "OpenStack Object Storage" object-store

添加对象存储服务API的端点(endpoints)

openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  object-store public http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_%\(tenant_id\)s


openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  object-store internal http://controller:8080/v1/AUTH_%\(tenant_id\)s


openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
  object-store admin http://controller:8080/v1

3、安装相关服务

apt install swift swift-proxy python-swiftclient \
  python-keystoneclient python-keystonemiddleware \
  memcached \
  swift swift-account swift-container swift-object

配置proxy服务

1、创建并进入/etc/swift文件夹
2、下载proxy-server.conf

curl -o /etc/swift/proxy-server.conf https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/swift/plain/etc/proxy-server.conf-sample?h=stable/newton

3、编辑proxy-server.conf

[DEFAULT]
bind_port = 8080
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift

[pipeline:main]
pipeline = catch_errors gatekeeper healthcheck proxy-logging cache container_sync bulk ratelimit authtoken keystoneauth container-quotas account-quotas slo dlo versioned_writes proxy-logging proxy-server
[app:proxy-server]
use = egg:swift#proxy
account_autocreate = True

[filter:keystoneauth]
use = egg:swift#keystoneauth
operator_roles = admin,user

[filter:authtoken]
paste.filter_factory = keystonemiddleware.auth_token:filter_factory
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = swift
password = 你设置的swift密码
delay_auth_decision = True

[filter:cache]
use = egg:swift#memcache
memcache_servers = controller:11211

配置存储相关服务

1、安装服务

apt install xfsprogs rsync

2、格式化硬盘为XFS格式

(如果不知道硬盘名,可使用fdisk -l查看)

mkfs.xfs /dev/硬盘

3、创建挂载节点的文件目录

mkdir -p /srv/node/硬盘

4、在/etc/fstab中添加

/dev/硬盘 /srv/node/硬盘 xfs noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 2

5、挂载硬盘

mount /srv/node/硬盘

6、创建并编辑文件 /etc/rsyncd.conf

mkdir /etc/rsyncd.conf 
uid = swift
gid = swift
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
address = 你的IP

[account]
max connections = 2
path = /srv/node/
read only = False
lock file = /var/lock/account.lock

[container]
max connections = 2
path = /srv/node/
read only = False
lock file = /var/lock/container.lock

[object]
max connections = 2
path = /srv/node/
read only = False
lock file = /var/lock/object.lock

7、编辑/etc/default/rsync

RSYNC_ENABLE=true

8、启动rsync服务

service rsync start

9、下载配置文件

curl -o /etc/swift/account-server.conf https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/swift/plain/etc/account-server.conf-sample?h=stable/newton
curl -o /etc/swift/container-server.conf https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/swift/plain/etc/container-server.conf-sample?h=stable/newton
curl -o /etc/swift/object-server.conf https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/swift/plain/etc/object-server.conf-sample?h=stable/newton

10、编辑/etc/swift/account-server.conf

[DEFAULT]
bind_ip = 你的IP
bind_port = 6002
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
devices = /srv/node
mount_check = True
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck recon account-server
[filter:recon]
use = egg:swift#recon
recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift

11、编辑/etc/swift/container-server.conf

[DEFAULT]
bind_ip = 你的IP
bind_port = 6001(2.conf为6011)
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
devices = /srv/node
mount_check = True
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck recon container-server
[filter:recon]
use = egg:swift#recon
recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift

12、编辑/etc/swift/object-server.conf

[DEFAULT]
bind_ip = 你的IP
bind_port = 6000
user = swift
swift_dir = /etc/swift
devices = /srv/node
mount_check = True
[pipeline:main]
pipeline = healthcheck recon object-server
[filter:recon]
use = egg:swift#recon
recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
recon_lock_path = /var/lock

13、修改权限

chown -R swift:swift /srv/node/*
mkdir -p /var/cache/swift/1 /var/cache/swift/2
chown -R root:swift /var/cache/swift/*
chmod -R 775 /var/cache/swift/*

创建并分配初始化环

1、在/etc/swift中执行以下命令

swift-ring-builder account.builder create 10 1 1

swift-ring-builder account.builder add \
  --region 1 --zone 1 --ip 你的IP地址 --port 6002 --device 你的硬盘 --weight 100

swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance

swift-ring-builder container.builder create 10 1 1

swift-ring-builder container.builder add \
  --region 1 --zone 1 --ip 你的IP地址 --port 6001 --device 你的硬盘 --weight 100

swift-ring-builder container.builder rebalance

swift-ring-builder object.builder create 10 1 1

swift-ring-builder object.builder add \
  --region 1 --zone 1 --ip 你的IP地址 --port 6000 --device 你的硬盘 --weight 100

swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance

2、在/etc/swift下下载文件

curl -o /etc/swift/swift.conf \
  https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/swift/plain/etc/swift.conf-sample?h=stable/newton

3、执行以下命令两次获得两个字符串

openssl rand -hex 10

4、编辑/etc/swift/swift.conf

[swift-hash]
swift_hash_path_suffix = 第一个字符串
swift_hash_path_prefix = 第二个字符串
[storage-policy:0]
name = Policy-0
default = yes

5、修改权限

chown -R root:swift /etc/swift/*

6、重启服务

service memcached restart
service swift-proxy restart

7、启动对象存储服务

swift-init all start

验证swift

1、运行脚本

sh demo-openrc

2、获得服务状态

swift stat

显示类似以下信息即成功

                        Account: AUTH_ed0b60bf607743088218b0a533d5943f
                     Containers: 0
                        Objects: 0
                          Bytes: 0
Containers in policy "policy-0": 0
   Objects in policy "policy-0": 0
     Bytes in policy "policy-0": 0
    X-Account-Project-Domain-Id: default
                    X-Timestamp: 1444143887.71539
                     X-Trans-Id: tx1396aeaf17254e94beb34-0056143bde
                   Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
                  Accept-Ranges: bytes

3、创建一个容器

openstack container create 容器名

4、上传一个对象

openstack object create 容器名 对象名

5、获得对象列表

openstack object list 容器名字

6、下载对象

 openstack object save 容器名 对象名

也可以用curl或postman验证

<think>嗯,我理解了用户的查询需求,用户想要在OpenStack环境中部署Nextcloud网盘服务。用户之前的问题与如何在OpenStack上部署和配置有关,现在明确指向了部署Nextcloud。根据我的知识库,用户可能希望获得一个完整的解决方案指南,涵盖创建实例到应用配置的所有关键步骤。基于站内引用,可以看到用户提供的OpenStack操作片段非常有价值。引用[1]详细展示了OpenStack命令行的典型操作流程,包括创建用户、分配角色、建立服务和端点等操作。引用[3]提到用户尝试过Seafile和Nextcloud的其他部署方式,现在对OpenMediaVault上的Nextcloud部署感兴趣。特别是引用[3]提到在Debian系统上安装Nextcloud的操作需求非常关键。根据查询分析,我认为需要设计一个部署方案的框架,主要包括几个关键部分:资源规划阶段、实例部署和网络配置步骤、操作系统初始化过程、Nextcloud安装方法、数据库配置细节以及存储连接方案。整个解决方案将引用[1]的操作实践与[3]的应用部署经验结合起来。由于查询重点在于部署指南,我计划采用分步骤说明的形式。首先从OpenStack资源准备开始,因为用户似乎已经熟悉基本操作。关于关键操作点,引用[1]的权限配置和端点创建命令可以直接应用于方案中,比如在创建数据库用户时就可以采用类似的命令模式。存储配置部分很关键。引用[3]提到用户对存储方案的关注,特别是原始文件管理的需求。因此在存储配置部分需要考虑附加云硬盘和配置外部存储的方案。数据库方面需要包含两种选项,考虑到用户可能有不同需求。而性能优化建议是出于实际使用体验的考虑,缓存配置和PHP调整等操作能显著改善使用体验。在注意事项部分,会补充安全证书和自动备份的建议。用户之前询问的是操作指南,但备份等维护操作对生产环境非常重要。最后会准备相关延伸问题,包括存储扩展、高可用方案等进阶主题,这样能覆盖用户可能的后续问题。</think> 以下是在OpenStack上部署Nextcloud网盘的完整指南,整合了OpenStack资源操作与Nextcloud配置的关键步骤: --- ### **OpenStack环境准备** #### 1. **创建安全组** ```bash openstack security group create nextcloud-sg openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 --remote-ip 0.0.0.0/0 nextcloud-sg # SSH openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 80 --remote-ip 0.0.0.0/0 nextcloud-sg # HTTP openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 443 --remote-ip 0.0.0.0/0 nextcloud-sg # HTTPS ``` #### 2. **分配网络资源** ```bash openstack network create nextcloud-net openstack subnet create --subnet-range 192.168.1.0/24 --network nextcloud-net nextcloud-subnet openstack router create nextcloud-router openstack router add subnet nextcloud-router nextcloud-subnet ``` #### 3. **创建数据库实例(可选)** 通过OpenStack Trove服务创建MySQL实例(如无Trove,需在虚拟机中自建): ```bash openstack database instance create nextcloud-db \ --size 10 \ --databases nextclouddb \ --users nextclouduser:password123 \ --flavor m1.small \ --datastore mysql ``` --- ### **部署Nextcloud虚拟机** #### 1. **启动云主机** ```bash openstack server create --image Ubuntu-22.04 \ --flavor m1.medium \ --nic net-id=nextcloud-net \ --security-group nextcloud-sg \ --key-name my-keypair \ nextcloud-vm ``` #### 2. **挂载持久存储卷** ```bash openstack volume create --size 100GB nextcloud-data openstack server add volume nextcloud-vm nextcloud-data ``` --- ### **Nextcloud安装配置(SSH登录虚拟机操作)** #### 1. **初始化存储** ```bash sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb # 格式化数据卷 sudo mount /dev/vdb /var/www # 挂载到Web目录 echo '/dev/vdb /var/www ext4 defaults 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab ``` #### 2. **安装依赖环境** ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install -y apache2 mariadb-server php8.1 \ php8.1-gd php81-mysql php8.1-curl php8.1-mbstring \ php8.1-xml php8.1-zip php8.1-intl ``` #### 3. **配置数据库** ```sql CREATE DATABASE nextclouddb; CREATE USER 'nextclouduser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password123'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextclouddb.* TO 'nextclouduser'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ``` #### 4. **安装Nextcloud** ```bash cd /var/www/html sudo wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-27.1.3.zip sudo unzip nextcloud-27.1.3.zip sudo chown -R www-data:www-data nextcloud ``` #### 5. **配置Apache虚拟主机** `/etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf`: ```apache <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot /var/www/html/nextcloud ServerName nextcloud.example.com <Directory /var/www/html/nextcloud> Require all granted AllowOverride All Options FollowSymlinks MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> ``` ```bash sudo a2ensite nextcloud sudo systemctl reload apache2 ``` --- ### **初始化Nextcloud** 1. 通过浏览器访问 `http://<虚拟机公网IP>` 2. 按向导填写: - 管理员账号密码 - 数据库选择**MySQL/MariaDB** - 数据库用户:`nextclouduser` - 数据库名:`nextclouddb` - 主机:`localhost`(若使用外部数据库则填写OpenStack数据库实例IP) 3. **重要存储配置**: 在Nextcloud管理面板中,设置数据目录为 `/var/www/html/nextcloud/data`(位于持久化存储卷) --- ### **高级配置建议** 1. **HTTPS加密** 通过OpenStack负载均衡器(Octavia)配置TLS证书或使用Let's Encrypt: ```bash sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache sudo certbot --apache -d nextcloud.example.com ``` 2. **对象存储集成** 连接OpenStack Swift作为外部存储(在Nextcloud的**外部存储插件**中配置): - 认证URL: `http://<keystone_ip>:5000/v3` - 租户名称: `service` - 用户名: `nextcloud` - 密码: `swift_password123` - 区域: `RegionOne` 3. **性能优化** 编辑 `/var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php` 添加: ```php 'filelocking.enabled' => true, 'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu', 'redis' => [ 'host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 6379, ] ``` --- ### **注意事项** 1. **数据备份** - 定期快照存储卷:`openstack volume backup create nextcloud-data` - 启用Nextcloud的**内置备份工具** 2. **更新管理** 通过Nextcloud网页后台执行版本更新,避免直接修改代码 3. **权限安全** 严格遵守OpenStack最小权限原则: ```bash openstack role create nextcloud-admin openstack role add --user nextcloud --project service nextcloud-admin ``` > **引用验证**:OpenStack端点配置方法与官方文档一致(参考引用[1]的操作范式),Debian系统部署流程兼容OMV环境经验(引用[3])[^1][^3]。 --- ### **相关问题** 1. **如何扩展Nextcloud的存储空间?** 可动态扩展云硬盘:`openstack volume set --size 200 nextcloud-data`,然后在虚拟机中使用 `resize2fs` 扩展文件系统 2. **如何实现Nextcloud的高可用?** 方案:部署多个无状态Nextcloud前端 + Galera集群数据库 + 共享存储(CephFS) 3. **Nextcloud能否直接使用OpenStack身份认证?** 可安装`OpenID Connect`插件,对接Keystone的OAuth2服务 4. **如何监控Nextcloud性能?** 通过Prometheus导出PHP-FPM和Apache指标,Grafana展示关键指标: ```bash apt install prometheus-apache-exporter php-fpm-exporter ``` 5. **如何迁移现有Nextcloud到OpenStack?** 步骤:打包数据目录 -> 导出数据库 -> 在新环境恢复 -> 修改`config.php`中的域名/IP
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