10.3.1 创建服务
AndroidStudio是个牛逼的工具讲道理实在是太智能了,这波操作就是右键点击然后可以选择创建Service,之后两个选项
都勾着,第一个是否允许其他应用程序访问这个服务。,第二个是是否可用。
创建完之后就重写几个方法
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
//四大组件都需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行注册才能生效,AndroidStudio自动注册好了
public class MyService extends Service {
public MyService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
public void onCreate(){
//在服务创建时进行调用
super.onCreate();
}
//在服务启动的时候调用
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent,int flags,int startId)
{
return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
}
//在服务销毁的时候调用
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
}
}
这里讲道理是真不错的,androidstudio已经自动帮我们的服务,在AndroidManifest.xml文件中注册好了。
10.3.2 启动和停止服务
启动服务主要是靠Intent来实现的
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/start_service"
android:text="Start Service"
tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/stop_service"
android:text="Stop Service"
tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
package com.example.servicetest;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button startService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.start_service);
Button stopService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
startService.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
stopService.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
}
public void onClick(View v)
{
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.start_service:
Intent startIntent=new Intent(this,MyService.class);
startService(startIntent);
break;
case R.id.stop_service:
Intent stopIntent=new Intent(this,MyService.class);
stopService(stopIntent); //停止服务
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
接下来有个问题就是怎么证实服务已经成功或者停止来呢,最简单的方法就是MyService几个方法中加入打印日志
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
//四大组件都需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行注册才能生效,AndroidStudio自动注册好了
public class MyService extends Service {
public MyService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
public void onCreate(){
//在服务创建时进行调用
super.onCreate();
Log.d("MyService","onCreate executed");
}
//在服务启动的时候调用
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent,int flags,int startId)
{
Log.d("MyService","onStartCommand executed");
return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
}
//在服务销毁的时候调用
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
Log.d("MyService","onDestory executed");
}
}
onCreate()方法是在服务第一次创建的时候调用的,而onStartCommand()方法则在每次启动服务时都会调用。
10.3.3 活动和服务进行通信
因为活动和服务在启动之后有点毫无关系的感觉,如果活动可以指挥服务的话,就需要onBind()方法了
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
//四大组件都需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行注册才能生效,AndroidStudio自动注册好了
public class MyService extends Service {
private DownloadBinder mBinder=new DownloadBinder();
class DownloadBinder extends Binder{
public void startDownLoad()
{
Log.d("MyService","startDownload executed");
}
public int getProgress()
{
Log.d("MyService","getProgress executed");
return 0;
}
}
public MyService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
return mBinder;
}
public void onCreate(){
//在服务创建时进行调用
super.onCreate();
Log.d("MyService","onCreate executed");
}
//在服务启动的时候调用
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent,int flags,int startId)
{
Log.d("MyService","onStartCommand executed");
return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
}
//在服务销毁的时候调用
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
Log.d("MyService","onDestory executed");
}
}
新建了一个DownloadBinder对象,继承Binder类,并创建了两个模拟方法,然后在onBinder方法中返回这个对象
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/uBind_Service"
android:text="UBind_Service"
tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/Bind_Service"
android:text="Bind Service"
tools:ignore="MissingConstraints" />
这两个按钮是绑定服务和取消绑定的,活动和服务进行一波绑定,绑定之后就可以调用Binder提供的方法了
package com.example.servicetest;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
private MyService.DownloadBinder downloadBinder;
private ServiceConnection connection=new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
downloadBinder=(MyService.DownloadBinder)iBinder;
downloadBinder.startDownLoad();
downloadBinder.getProgress();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
}
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button startService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.start_service);
Button stopService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
startService.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
stopService.setOnClickListener((View.OnClickListener) this);
Button bindService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.Bind_Service);
Button unbindService=(Button)findViewById(R.id.uBind_Service);
bindService.setOnClickListener(this);
unbindService.setOnClickListener(this);
}
public void onClick(View v)
{
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.start_service:
Intent startIntent=new Intent(this,MyService.class);
startService(startIntent);
break;
case R.id.stop_service:
Intent stopIntent=new Intent(this,MyService.class);
stopService(stopIntent); //停止服务
break;
case R.id.Bind_Service:
Intent bindIntent=new Intent(this,MyService.class);
bindService(bindIntent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//绑定服务
break;
case R.id.uBind_Service:
unbindService(connection);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
10.5.1 使用前台服务
和通知很像,这点是真的骚
package com.example.servicetest;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;
//四大组件都需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件中进行注册才能生效,AndroidStudio自动注册好了
public class MyService extends Service {
private DownloadBinder mBinder=new DownloadBinder();
class DownloadBinder extends Binder{
public void startDownLoad()
{
Log.d("MyService","startDownload executed");
}
public int getProgress()
{
Log.d("MyService","getProgress executed");
return 0;
}
}
public MyService() {
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
return mBinder;
}
public void onCreate(){
//在服务创建时进行调用
super.onCreate();
Log.d("MyService","onCreate executed");
Intent intent=new Intent(this,MainActivity.class);
PendingIntent pi=PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,intent,0);
Notification notification=new NotificationCompat.Builder(this).setContentText("This is content text").setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis()).setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher).setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),R.mipmap.ic_launcher)).setContentIntent(pi).build();
startForeground(1,notification);
}
//在服务启动的时候调用
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent,int flags,int startId)
{
Log.d("MyService","onStartCommand executed");
return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId);
}
//在服务销毁的时候调用
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
Log.d("MyService","onDestory executed");
}
}