Python之random

1 random模块

该模块实现各种分布的伪随机数生成器.

2 方法

2.1 randint(a, b)

功能:生成[a,b]间的任意一个整数.

• Demo

import random
rand_int = random.randint(1, 5)
print("rand int: {}".format(rand_int))

• Result

rand int: 4

2.2 choice(seq)

功能:从seq序列中随机选择一个数据,并输出,若序列为空,抛出异常IndexError;

• Demo

import  random
data = ['tian', 'lan', 'lan']
choice_data = random.choice(data)
print("choice data: {}".format(choice_data))

• Result

choice data: lan

2.3 shuffle(x[, random])

功能:打乱x数据顺序,可选参数random返回[0, 1.0)的浮点数据,默认为random()函数;

• Demo

import random

data = ['tian', 'lan', 'lan']
shuffle_data = random.shuffle(data)
print("shuffle data: {}".format(data))

• Result

shuffle data: ['lan', 'tian', 'lan']

2.4 sample(population, k)

功能:从population中截取k个数据;

• Demo

import random

data = ['tian', 'lan', 'lan']
sample_data = random.sample(data, 2)
print('sample data: {}'.format(sample_data))

• Result

sample data: ['tian', 'lan']

2.5 random()

功能:随机生成[0, 1)的数据;

• Demo

import random

random_data = random.random()
print("random data: {}".format(random_data))

• Result

random data: 0.570456233000507

2.6 uniform(a, b)

功能:返回随机浮点数N,若a<=b,N取值区间[a, b],若b<a,N取值区间[b, a],其中N=a+(b-a)*random().

• Demo

import random

uniform_data = random.uniform(1, 30)
print("uniform data: {}".format(uniform_data))

• Result

uniform data: 22.934155952558474

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[参考文献]
[1]https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/random.html

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